Sun Yat-sen is a great pioneer of China's modern democratic revolution. Name, word Deming, new number, later changed to Yixian; When he was engaged in revolutionary activities in Japan, he used the pseudonym Zhongshan Bridge. 1866165438+1October 12 was born in Cuiheng Village, Xiangshan, Guangdong. Born in a peasant family. Influenced by the struggle tradition of Cantonese people, teenagers yearn for the revolutionary cause of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Take part in the democratic revolution

1879, Sun Yat-sen went to Honolulu with his mother. His eldest brother, Sun Mei, helped Sun Yat-sen systematically receive modern western education in Honolulu, Guangzhou and Hongkong. 1883- 1885 During the Sino-French War, Sun Yat-sen witnessed the betrayal, despotism and corruption of the Qing government, and began to think about anti-Qing and reforming China with the bourgeois political program. He often made anti-Qing remarks, and at the same time had contacts with He Qi, an early reformer. 1892, Sun Yat-sen graduated from Hong Kong College of Western Medicine, and later practiced medicine in Macau and Guangzhou, forming an anti-Qing secret society and preparing to set up a revolutionary group. 1894, Sun Yat-sen wrote to Li Hongzhang, governor of Zhili and minister of Beiyang, and put forward the reform idea of making the best use of people, land and land, but it was not adopted.

1894165438+10 In October, Sun Yat-sen went to Honolulu from Shanghai to organize a meeting to revive China, vowing to expel the Tatars, restore China and establish a coalition government. 1In February, 1995, Hong Kong Association for Revitalizing China and Fu Jen Literature Society, a patriotic intellectual organization in Hong Kong, were jointly established. In the same year, in June, 5438+10, Xingzhonghui conspired to rise up in Guangzhou, but failed. Sun Yat-sen was forced to flee overseas. 1996 10, trapped by the Qing embassy in London, England, was rescued by a British friend. Later, Sun Yat-sen inspected the economic and political situation of European and American countries in detail, studied the political theories of various factions, and contacted the progressive people of European and American countries, resulting in a distinct view of people's livelihood, from which he believed that the Three People's Principles had initially formed. In 897, Sun Yat-sen went to Japan to make friends with people in the ruling and opposition parties. 1900 5438+00 In June, Zheng Shiliang was sent to Sanzhoutian, Huizhou, Guangdong Province to launch an uprising. After half a month's fighting, the insurgents were successful at first, but later failed because of the failure of equipment reimbursement.

After the Reform Movement of 1898, due to the activities of Japanese friendly people, Sun Yat-sen had discussed cooperation with reformists represented by Kang Youwei and Liang Qichao, but the cooperation failed to be realized because the reformists insisted on protecting the king and opposing the revolution. From 65438 to 0904, Sun Yat-sen publicized the revolution to overseas Chinese and overseas students in Japan, Honolulu, Vietnam, Siam and the United States. 1905 Revolutionary groups were established among students studying in Belgium, Germany, France and other countries. During this period, he also established contact with domestic revolutionary groups and revolutionary patriots.

Build an alliance against reformists.

1In August, 905, Sun Yat-sen and Huang Xing established the National Alliance of the Bourgeois Revolutionary Party in Tokyo, Japan, based on revolutionary groups such as Zhongxing Society and Huaxing Society. Sun Yat-sen was elected Prime Minister, and his revolutionary goals of expelling Tatars, restoring China, establishing the Republic of China and equal land rights were adopted as the alliance program. In the bulletin of People's Daily, the organ of the League, Sun Yat-sen first put forward the people's livelihood proposition of the three principles of national character, civil rights and people's character. The establishment of the League has effectively promoted the development of the national revolutionary movement.

He sent people at home and abroad to organize and publicize the revolution. He went to Southeast Asia from 1905 to 1906 to raise revolutionary funds for overseas Chinese and set up league branches in some places. He widely spread bourgeois democratic ideas and made more people join the anti-Qing revolution. Sun Yat-sen became the banner of China's revolutionary democrats. His criticism of reformists made a strong ideological preparation for the outbreak of the Revolution of 1911. From 1906 to 19 1 1, the League organized many armed uprisings in various parts of South China. Sun Yat-sen formulated a strategic policy for the uprising and went abroad to raise money for the uprising. 1907 12, Zhennanguan uprising, he also went to the front to fight. Without a mass base and strict organization, all the uprisings failed, but the revolutionaries fought bravely, which dealt a heavy blow to the Qing government and greatly inspired the people of the whole country. Especially 19 1 the battle of Huanghuagang, Guangzhou on April 27th, caused great shock in the whole country.

Overthrow the feudal monarchy and defend the * * * system.

19111June 10, Wuchang Uprising broke out and the provinces responded. After learning this news in the United States, Sun Yat-sen returned to China in late February, 65438, and was elected as the interim president of the Republic of China by the representatives of 17 provinces. 1 912 65438+10/took office in Nanjing to form the provisional government of the Republic of China. 19 12 February 12, the Qing emperor Xuan Tong was forced to abdicate, ending more than 2,000 years of monarchy and establishing the Republic of China. Sun Yat-sen formulated and promulgated a series of laws on reform and progress. 1 1 In March, the constitutional bourgeoisie promulgated the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China.

Due to the strong pressure of imperialism and feudalism and the weakness of the revolutionary party itself, after the abdication of the Qing emperor, Sun Yat-sen was forced to resign as the interim president on February 3 19 12, giving way to Yuan Shikai, who was formally dismissed in April 1 2008. More than a year later, Sun Yat-sen actively promoted the people-oriented principle of people's livelihood, demanding equal land rights and advocating the establishment of industry; He also personally served as the director of the national railway, trying to raise foreign capital to build railway trunk lines. However, Sun Yat-sen's American efforts came to nothing because the regime fell into the hands of Yuan Shikai. 1965438+In August 2002, the League was reorganized into the Kuomintang, and Sun Yat-sen was elected as its chairman. 1965438+In March 2003, Yuan Shikai assassinated Song, the acting chairman of the Kuomintang, and Sun Yat-sen advocated using force to beg Yuan. In July, the second revolution broke out. After the defeat, Japan was defeated again.

1965438+In June 2004, Sun Yat-sen organized the China Revolutionary Party in Tokyo, hoping to restore and carry forward the spirit of the Alliance. Yuan Shikai failed to restore the monarchy, and Sun Yat-sen returned to China in early May of 19 15, and continued to fight for * * * and the system. He returned to Japan and married Soong Ching Ling in Tokyo on October 25th, 65438/kloc-0. 19 17 In July, the Beiyang warlord led by Duan dissolved the National Assembly and abandoned the Temporary Contract Law. Sun Yat-sen joined forces with the southwest warlords to establish a military government in Guangzhou, and was elected as a grand marshal to carry out the war to protect France. However, Sun Yat-sen was pushed out by the warlords and politicians in the military government, and had to resign as the Grand Marshal in May 19 18 and go to Shanghai via Japan. The failure of the first war to protect the law made Sun Yat-sen realize that the northern and southern warlords were birds of a feather. From 19 18 to 1920, Dr. Sun Yat-sen completed the founding strategy he wrote in those years, summed up the revolutionary experience in the past, and put forward a grand plan to transform and build China.

Accept the help of * * * production international and China * * * producers.

19 17 years, Russia won the October Revolution. 19 18 In the summer, Sun Yat-sen called Lenin and the Soviet government to congratulate the great victory of the Russian revolution. 19 19 the may 4th movement greatly inspired sun yat-sen, who spoke highly of and supported the student movement. Sun Yat-sen began to contact the Soviet people in 1920. 19211February met with marin, the international representative of * * *, in Guilin to discuss the establishment of the revolutionary party and revolutionary armed forces. 1922 April meeting with the Soviet plenipotentiary in Russia.

1965438+In August 2009, Sun Yat-sen appointed Hu, Liao and others to set up Construction magazine in Shanghai to publicize the theory of democratic revolution. In June 5438+00, it was announced that China Revolutionary Party was reorganized into China Kuomintang. 1In August, 920, Sun Yat-sen instructed the troops stationed in Fujian and Guangdong to return to Guangdong and expel the warlords in Guangxi. 165438+ 10 In October, Sun Yat-sen returned to Guangzhou and raised the banner of protecting the law again. 192 1 In May, he became a very big president elected by the Guangzhou Extraordinary Congress, and then left Guangxi to wipe out the forces of Lu Rongting, a warlord in Guangxi, and prepare for the northern expedition based on Guangdong and Guangxi. Chen Jiongming, who commanded the Guangdong Army, launched a rebellion in June 1922. After escaping from danger, Sun Yat-sen led the navy to fight back against the insurgents. After more than 50 days of struggle, he was forced to leave Guangzhou for Shanghai because there was no hope of getting assistance.

After the Nanjing mutiny, Chen Jiongming put Sun Yat-sen in an extremely difficult position. He is determined to accept the help of * * * production international and China * * * production party, and welcomes Li Dazhao and other * * * production party party member to join the China Kuomintang in his personal capacity. 1923 65438+ 10, he and Soviet representative Yue Fei published the Sun Manifesto, which laid the foundation for the policy of alliance with Russia, and immediately sent Liao to Japan for negotiations. 1923 65438+ In October, Gui Jun, Yunnan Province, who obeyed Sun Yat-sen, drove Chen Jiongming out of Guangzhou. In February, Sun Yat-sen returned to Guangzhou from Shanghai, rebuilt his base camp in Lu Haijun, commanded the army in the name of Marshal, and comprehensively managed government affairs. At the same time, preparations for the reorganization of the Kuomintang in China are gradually stepping up. In August, Chiang Kai-shek led a delegation of Dr. Sun Yixian to the Soviet Union to inspect politics, party affairs and military affairs. In June 5438+10, Bao Luoting sent by the Soviet Union was hired as a consultant; Then, Liao and Tan Pingshan were appointed to form a new temporary Central Executive Committee of the Kuomintang in China, which was responsible for preparing for the reorganization of the Kuomintang.

The principle of making a new explanation for three people

1924 65438+ 10, the first national congress of the Chinese Kuomintang was held in Guangzhou, and Sun Yat-sen presided over the meeting. With the adoption of the new party platform and party constitution, the Congress actually established three major policies: uniting Russia, uniting with * * * and helping the peasants and workers, and elected a central leading body with Russian participation. In the Declaration of the First National Congress of the Chinese Nationalist Party adopted by the General Assembly, Sun Yat-sen gave a new explanation of the Three People's Principles, enriching the anti-imperialist and anti-feudal content. The convening of the first congress of China Kuomintang marked that Sun Yat-sen pushed China's revolutionary thought and career to a new stage. 1924 In May, Sun Yat-sen founded the Army Military Academy in cheung chau island, Huangpu, which laid the foundation for the establishment of the revolutionary army.

Sun Yat-sen, the glorious banner of China, American revolutionary democrats tried hard to win assistance from Japan, Britain, France, the United States and other countries for China's early revolution and construction, but got nothing. In the struggle, he realized that we must strive to overthrow imperialism for the independence and prosperity of China and the United States. In his later years, he resolutely opposed imperialism. 1923 12. The imperialist countries intercepted Guangdong customs clearance because of the Guangdong revolutionary government, and concentrated a large number of warships on the Guangzhou River to intimidate Sun Yat-sen. Sun Yat-sen took a decisive attitude in the Guan Yu incident, forcing the imperialist countries to promise to pay Guan Yu's due Guangdong government1May 924,10.

1924 10 Warlord Zhang and his immediate general Feng Yuxiang overthrew the immediate warlord regime with Cao Kun as president. Feng Yuxiang, Duan and Zhang invited Sun Yat-sen to the North on business. Sun Yat-sen accepted the invitation and proposed to abolish the unequal treaties and convene a national assembly as a solution to the current situation. 1 1 Go north from Guangzhou, first to Shanghai, and then to Tianjin via Japan. At the end of February, Fu Bing arrived in Beijing. 1925 March 12, died of liver cancer in Beijing. The will signed on the eve of death includes three documents: a national will, a family will and a suicide note to Russia. In his will, he summed up 40 years of revolutionary experience and came to the conclusion that people must be mobilized to unite and fight against countries that treat us equally in the world. It issued a call for comrades to work hard before the revolution was successful. It is pointed out that we must continue to work hard according to his book, the general program, the outline, the Three People's Principles and the declaration of the first National Congress before it can be implemented. In family wills, books, clothes, houses and so on. What is left is a statement. Will be left to Soong Ching Ling as a souvenir, and ask his children to inherit his revolutionary legacy. In his suicide note to Soviet Russia, he stated his firm belief in implementing the three revolutionary policies and adhering to the anti-imperialist and patriotic cause, and expressed his hope that the dawn would break at an early date. At that time, the Soviet Union welcomed a strong and independent China with its good friends and allies, and the two countries joined hands to win the war for the freedom of the oppressed people in the world. 1929, the body was moved from Beijing to Nanjing Zijinshan.

Sun Yat-sen is the forerunner of China. He devoted his life to transforming China, made indelible contributions in history and left a valuable legacy for his successors politically. Works such as General Plan for the Founding of the People's Republic of China, Outline and Three People's Principles. After his death, his works were collected and published many times, including The Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen published by Zhonghua Book Company 1 1, and The Complete Works of Sun Yat-sen published by Taipei 1969, 1973, 1985.