Banks, securities, insurance, trusts and funds.

I. Banks

China People's Bank was formed by the merger of North China Bank, Beihai Bank and Northwest Farmers Bank on June 1 948+February1. Before 1984, China People's Bank was also a central bank for three years. In September, the State Council decided that the People's Bank of China should exercise the functions of the central bank. China People's Bank Law passed by its former commercial bank on March 18, 2008 established its legal basis as a central bank.

2. Policy banks

Policy banks generally refer to non-profit financial institutions established by the government to implement national industrial policies and regional development policies. From 65438 to 0994, China established three policy banks-China Development Bank, The Export-Import Bank of China Agricultural Development Bank and China Agricultural Development Bank. On June 65438+February 65438+June 2008, China Development Bank Co., Ltd. was established, becoming the first commercial bank in China to be transformed from a policy bank.

3. Commercial banks

Commercial banks are profit-making enterprises, whose main business is deposit, loan and transfer settlement. Being able to absorb demand deposits and create money is its most obvious feature. Commercial banks comprehensively manage bank assets and liabilities through asset-liability ratio management, and seek reasonable asset-liability values. Five state-owned commercial banks (China, Agriculture, Industry, Construction and Communications), 12 shares, Huaxia, China Merchants, Guangzhan, Bohai, Guangfa, Xingye, Zheshang and Hengfeng) and1kloc-0/0 city commercial banks.

Second, trust.

Trust and investment company, a financial institution that manages money on behalf of customers. It is called the three pillars of modern financial industry together with bank credit and insurance. The main business of China's trust and investment companies: operating funds and property entrustment, agency asset custody, financial leasing, economic consultation, securities issuance and investment. According to the requirements of rectifying financial companies in China, our business is mainly limited to trust, investment and other agency business. With the approval of the People's Bank of China, a few people who really need it can engage in leasing and securities business and issue one-year special trust beneficiary bonds for loans and investments of specific objects, but they are not allowed to handle bank deposit business. Trust industry and trustee sign trust deed. Trust and investment companies are entrusted with the management and use of trust funds and property, and can only charge handling fees. The interest rate shall be set by the People's Bank of China jointly with relevant departments.

Third, insurance.

Insurance, using the principle of mutual assistance, shares the risks faced by individuals by groups. At present, there are more than 400 types of insurance companies in China, which can be roughly divided into property insurance, liability insurance and reinsurance between insurance institutions. 1995 10 the national insurance companies in China include China life insurance co., ltd., China insurance co., ltd., China Pacific insurance company, China ping an insurance company, Huatai property insurance company and Taikang life insurance company. Local insurance companies include Xinjiang Corps Insurance Company, Tianan Insurance Company, Volkswagen Insurance Company, Yongan Property Insurance Company and Huaan Property Insurance Company. Foreign-funded and joint venture insurance companies include Hong Kong Civil Insurance Shenzhen Company, American International Assurance Company Shanghai Branch, American International Assurance Company Guangzhou Branch, Tokyo Marine Insurance Company Shanghai Branch, Hong Zhong Life Insurance Co., Ltd. and Swiss Fengtai Insurance Company Shanghai Branch.

Four. securities

Securities refer to stocks, bonds, funds, depositary receipts and marketable securities issued and circulated with the approval of government departments. Brief introduction of major securities institutions: Securities companies, also known as securities dealers, are mainly engaged in selling government bonds, corporate bonds and stocks as agents, proprietary trading and proprietary trading of various securities that have been listed and circulated, participating in enterprise acquisitions and mergers, and serving as corporate financial consultants, such as Huaxia Securities Co., Ltd. and China Guotai Securities Co., Ltd. Stock Exchange. They do not aim at making profits, provide places and facilities for centralized and organized trading of securities, perform related duties, and implement target management. Such as Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange. Register a clearing company to ensure that the securities trading process is accurate and the funds are in place on time and in full.

Second, the five major credit institutions in China?

1 China Chengxin International Credit Rating Co., Ltd., hereinafter referred to as China Chengxin, is a Sino-foreign joint venture. Innovatively developed dozens of credit rating businesses, including convertible bonds rating, insurance company rating and corporate governance rating.

2 Guo Hengxin International Credit Rating Center Co., Ltd., referred to as Guo Hengxin for short, is the first pioneer of global rating business in China. The rating business includes government credit rating, Belt and Road rating, the world's first blockchain rating licensee, insurance company and corporate governance rating.

3 United Credit Rating Co., Ltd., referred to as United, is controlled by United Credit Management Co., Ltd. and Fitch Credit Rating Co., Ltd., the former is a national professional information service organization controlled by the state, and the latter is a world-renowned international credit rating agency.

Dagong International Credit Rating Co., Ltd., referred to as Dagong for short, was established on 1994 with the approval of China People's Bank and China State Economic and Trade Commission.

Shanghai Oriental Jincheng Credit Evaluation Investment Service Co., Ltd., referred to as Oriental Jincheng for short, is an intermediary agency specializing in credit services such as bond rating, enterprise credit evaluation, enterprise credit investigation, property credit investigation and enterprise credit management consulting.

At present, the most famous rating agencies in China are these five enterprises, so many banks also provide loans to enterprises through the ratings of these rating agencies.

3. What are the top five banks?

1. China's top five banks refer to five state-owned banks, including China Industrial and Commercial Bank, China Agricultural Bank, China Bank, China Construction Bank and Bank of Communications. 2. China's five largest banks are comprehensive large-scale commercial banks with a wide range of businesses, representing the most abundant capital and strength in China's financial sector. 3. The safety of the five major banks is basically the same, and they all belong to state-owned banks; The bank card account protection system is also equivalent; Deposit insurance is also within 500 thousand. Banks are financial institutions established in accordance with the law to operate monetary credit business, and they are the products of the development of commodity monetary economy to a certain stage. Banks are one of the financial institutions. Banks are divided into central banks, policy banks, commercial banks, investment banks and the World Bank, with different responsibilities. Central Bank: China People's Bank is the central bank of China. State-owned policy banks: including The Export-Import Bank of China, China Agricultural Development Bank and China Development Bank. : 1, Industrial and Commercial Bank of China. China Industrial and Commercial Bank, referred to as "the first bank in the universe", has the largest customer base in China. Established in 1 98465438+1October1. 2. Agricultural Bank of China. China Agricultural Bank of China (ABC for short), the Agricultural Bank of China, ranks in the top seven in "Global Banks 1000" and was established in 195 1. 3. Bank of China. Bank of China, referred to as BOC for short, was formally established with the approval of Dr. Sun Yat-sen, and was established on February 5th of 19 12. It is a note-issuing bank in Hong Kong and Macao. 4. China Construction Bank. China Construction Bank, CCB for short, was established in June 1 954+1October1,and it is one of the large state-owned banks managed by the central government. 5. Bank of Communications. Bank of Communications, referred to as Bank of Communications, was established in 1908. It can be said that it is one of the oldest banks in modern China and one of the note-issuing banks in modern China. The five banks are referred to as industry, agriculture, China, construction and communications, among which Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, Agricultural Bank of China, Bank of China and China Construction Bank are also called the "Four Banks".

4. What are the top five financial institutions in China?

Industrial and Commercial Bank, Agricultural Bank, China Bank, China Construction Bank and Bank of Communications.