1. Economy is economy and frugality in production or life. The former includes saving money, materials and labor. In the final analysis, it is to save labor time, that is, to use as little labor consumption as possible and produce as many achievements as possible that society needs. The latter means that individuals or families are careful in their daily consumption and meet their greatest needs with less consumer goods. In short, saving is to achieve greater results or benefits with less manpower, material resources, financial resources, time and space;
2. Economy is the income and expenditure of a country, an enterprise or an individual, such as gross national product, total social output value, output and benefit of an enterprise, income and expenditure of an individual, etc.
3. Economy is the synthesis and simplification of the words "help the world through the country", "help the world through the country" or "help the people through the world". (For example, "Knowing the Bureau to Help" (The Book of Jin) and "Everyone has a way to help, but they don't agree" (Sui Shuo Wen, Volume 6). Its meaning includes how the state manages finance, how to manage various economic activities, how to deal with political, legal, military, educational and other issues, that is, the meaning of governing the country and calming the world;
4. Economy is family management (see Xenophon [Ancient Greece]: On Economy);
5. Economy is a kind of livelihood, a valuable thing necessary for life and useful for family and country (see Aristotle's: Politics in Ancient Greece).
Explain that 1 and 2 reflect idioms in people's daily life; The third explanation is the usage of the word economy in ancient China; The fourth and fifth explanations are the usage of the word economy in ancient Greece.
Second, the interpretation of traditional political economy works
6. Economy refers to the sum of social relations of production. It refers to the sum of production relations or socio-economic systems that people form in the process of material production and are suitable for certain social productive forces, and it is the basis for the establishment of superstructure such as politics, law, philosophy, religion, literature and art;
7. Economy refers to the process of production and reproduction of social material materials. Including the direct production process of material data and the exchange, distribution and consumption process determined by it. Its content includes productivity and production relations, but mainly refers to productivity;
8. Economy refers to the national economy of a country. Including all the material production departments and their activities of a country and some non-material production departments and their activities. We usually talk about the economic situation of different countries from the perspective of national economy (this definition makes a logical mistake, that is, circular definition).
Third, Russian economists explained that
9. Economy is all activities that follow certain economic principles under any circumstances and strive to get the maximum benefit at the least cost;
10. Economy is the sum total of actions taken by people other than human beings in nature in order to create the necessary material environment to meet our needs instead of pursuing enjoyment (see the reference [Russia] M.N Governor-Balanovschi: Principles of Political Economy).
western economics
In western economics, economists have given various definitions to economics, but the definition of economy is vague. They think that the research object of economics is economy, and the most basic concept of economy is a clear and self-evident entity, so there is no clear definition of the word economy in western economics so far. Therefore, their definition of economics is also in a state of confusion. We can only infer the "definition" of economy from its definition of economics.
1 1. Economy refers to wealth;
12. Economy is a scarce resource provided by nature and predecessors, and human beings and society choose to use it;
13. Economy refers to the use of scarce resources to produce valuable goods and distribute them to different individuals;
14. Economy refers to people's life affairs;
15. Saving refers to allocating scarce resources to different and competing needs and meeting these needs to the greatest extent;
16. Economy refers to the effective allocation of scarce resources to competing purposes;
17. Economy refers to the choices made by individuals, enterprises and organizations in society, which determine the use of scarce social resources;
18. Economy means that society manages its own scarce resources;
19. Economy refers to the choices made by individuals, manufacturers and organizations in our society, which determine the utilization of social resources;
20. Economy refers to determining the prices of labor, capital and land in economic activities and using these prices to allocate resources;
2 1. Economy refers to the behavior of financial markets, which allocate capital to other economic sectors;
22. Economy refers to income distribution, on the premise of not damaging economic operation ... >>
Question 2: What is an economic type? State-owned enterprises;
private enterprise
heavy industry
light industry
Public institutions;
service industry
Question 3: What is social economy? "Economy" is how to achieve the maximum effect with the minimum cost, that is, how to choose the one with the minimum cost and the maximum effect among various possible choices, that is, under the constraints of various subjective, objective, natural and interpersonal conditions. Refers to the production and reproduction of material data of the whole society.
Society refers to an organic whole that is located in a specific region and period, enjoys the same culture, is based on material production activities, and is interrelated according to certain codes of conduct. The basic elements of a society are the natural environment, population and culture.
Social and economic development refers to the development of culture, education, health, social welfare and social security besides economy.
The scope of economic and social development is relatively small. The strategic goal of China's economic and social development is: by the middle of 2 1 century, the per capita gross national product will reach the level of moderately developed countries, the people's lives will be relatively affluent, and modernization will be basically realized.
Question 4: Briefly describe what economic resources are. The so-called economic resources must be useful and scarce. Usefulness is the foundation of resources, and scarcity is the premise of economic resources. Whether we can recognize and utilize the usefulness of this scarcity depends on certain knowledge, technology and economic conditions. Therefore, economic resources are usually defined as scarce and effective wealth, which is the general name of various economic commodities in the human social and economic system. There are obvious differences between economic resources and economic commodities in semantics. When we talk about economic resources, we often regard it as an economic commodity, and each economic resource may actually contain thousands of economic commodities. For example, oil and seasonable are different economic commodities, but they both belong to the category of mineral resources, material resources or natural resources. Further research points out that economic resources are not economic commodities themselves, but the usefulness of economic commodities relative to human society, that is, under certain knowledge, technology and economic conditions, the incidental use value of commodities developed by human social and economic systems according to their own needs. Economic commodity is only the material carrier of economic resources. One commodity can carry many resource functions, and one resource function can be carried by many commodities. "The word' resource' does not refer to something or substance, but refers to the function that this thing or substance has or participates in, and it is the function and function that can achieve a given goal, such as meeting demand." On the other hand, the use value or function of economic resources is still rooted in the function it performs in the economic meta-system after it is put into use and transformed into economic elements. Because the use value is inseparable from its material carrier, economic resources can be defined as: the precursor of economic elements invested by economic meta-system. The economic resources that have not yet entered the human social and economic system are only the objective existence in the natural system, but the potential form of economic resources, or potential economic resources. Only under certain knowledge, technology and economic conditions can potential economic resources be brought into the human social and economic system and become realistic economic resources. First, economic resources must be transformed from potential form to reality form before they can be input into various economic subsystems, and a "buffer pool" will often be formed at the input end of the system, which will be transformed into an organic integrated economic factor within the system. Economic factors are the internal form of economic resources, and economic resources are the external form of economic factors. After the above-mentioned transformation process, economic resources and economic factors cannot simply correspond one by one.
Adopt it
Question 5: What is economy * * * Economy * * * Generally speaking, relative to the macro-economy, the specific behavior is to * * * increase the capital invested in the market and reduce some taxes to mobilize the enthusiasm of enterprises, thus activating the market economy and increasing social employment opportunities, thus forming a virtuous circle of the whole social economy. The theoretical basis is Keynesian economics, which is divided into fiscal policy and monetary policy. The plan mainly consists of three parts, including nearly $300 billion in tax cuts, nearly $200 billion in infrastructure projects and more than $250 billion directly benefiting States and individuals. According to this latest rescue plan, the US Congress will authorize the federal government to obtain $544 billion in investment funds, and another $275 billion will be used for tax refund. Obama hopes to create 3 million to 4 million jobs for the United States through large-scale investment and tax rebates, and promote the economic recovery of the United States. This is also the largest economic plan in American history. The economic revitalization plan will create 500,000 jobs by investing in clean energy. In the next three years, his plan will triple the production of alternative energy, modernize 75% of federal buildings and improve energy-saving measures for 2 million American families. In addition, the revitalization plan will create hundreds of thousands of jobs by improving the national medical system and computerizing hospital medical records. In addition, hundreds of thousands of jobs will be created by providing classrooms, laboratories and computer equipment for the national 2 1 century schools. The revitalization plan will also create 400,000 jobs by building roads, bridges and school buildings throughout the country. In addition to creating employment opportunities, the revitalization plan will extend unemployment insurance and medical insurance, and reduce taxes by $65,438+$0,000 for 95% of working families.
Question 6: What is an economic term? It refers to the land where cash crops are planted.
As an adjective, it means to buy things cheaply, cheaply and cheaply.
Question 7: What is economic growth? Economic growth rate is the comparison between the final GNP and the basic GNP.
The nominal economic growth rate is the growth rate obtained by calculating the GNP at the end of the period at the current price at the end of the period.
The final GNP is calculated at constant price (i.e. base price), and the growth rate obtained is the actual economic growth rate.
When measuring economic growth, the actual economic growth rate is generally used.
Economic growth rate, also known as economic growth rate, is a dynamic indicator reflecting the change degree of economic development level in a certain period, and it is also a basic indicator reflecting whether a country's economy is dynamic.
Question 8: What is economic operation? This is a problem with many solutions. In fact, there are many explanations about the meaning of the word "economy". In different contexts, "economy" has different meanings, which will inevitably change the concept of "economic operation" accordingly.
At present, the generalized economy can be understood as the synthesis of production, exchange and circulation of material products and services in society. It is a huge system composed of countless subjects, from a person to a country, under the influence of certain order and the existing thinking mode of human beings. And economic operation, I think it can be understood as the operation of this huge system, that is, the operation of an economic system.
Economic operation is a very flexible concept, from regional economic operation to global economic operation. When analyzing its operation, we should analyze it according to the logical position and regional size of the economy, and consider many factors that affect this system. For example, to analyze the economic operation of a region, it is necessary to analyze the operation of its advantageous industries, analyze whether its advantageous resources are reasonably utilized, and study the distribution ratio and output value of each industry. To analyze a country's economic operation, we should analyze the proportion of consumption, investment and international trade in its gross national product, and analyze the growth rate of industry and agriculture, inflation rate and so on. To analyze the global economic operation, we should stand on a more macro level, such as the current situation of global resource utilization, the distribution of global industries, the influence of monetary and fiscal policies of various countries on the global economy, and even gain insight into global economic problems through political policies of various countries, so as to analyze the current economic operation more deeply. -FYI only
Question 9: What is economic democracy? What is economic concentration? Please give an example of economic democracy. Economic democracy is the core of market economy. It refers to realizing the balance of wealth, opportunities and rights in the economic field through independent decision-making and equal participation of market participants on the basis of respecting economic freedom. As an economic subject, it has many legal economic rights, such as the right to know economic information, the right to participate in economic decision-making, the right to social supervision and management of economic activities, the right to claim economic requirements and interests, the right to invest profits, and the right to legal proceedings to safeguard economic rights and interests. For example, since the outbreak of the financial crisis in the United States, there have been many calls for strengthening financial supervision. The recent question about the whereabouts of $350 billion in financial aid has once again exposed the shortcomings of the United States in * * * supervision and social supervision. Its essence is whether economic democracy is needed to deal with the financial crisis and how to achieve it. Economic concentration takes state power as the core, administrative orders as economic policies, administrative means as the mode of operation, ignoring the law of value and the role of market mechanism, managing the economy by administrative orders and even violent means, and putting all economic activities under mandatory plans. Example: Stalin model in the former Soviet Union.
Question 10: What is the concept of economy? I. Interpretation of Reference Books
1. Economy is economy and frugality in production or life. The former includes saving money, materials and labor. In the final analysis, it is to save labor time, that is, to use as little labor consumption as possible and produce as many achievements as possible that society needs. The latter means that individuals or families are careful in their daily consumption and meet their greatest needs with less consumer goods. In short, saving is to achieve greater results or benefits with less manpower, material resources, financial resources, time and space;
2. Economy is the income and expenditure of a country, an enterprise or an individual, such as gross national product, total social output value, output and benefit of an enterprise, income and expenditure of an individual, etc.
3. Economy is the synthesis and simplification of the words "help the world through the country", "help the world through the country" or "help the people through the world". (For example, "Knowing the Bureau to Help" (The Book of Jin) and "Everyone has a way to help, but they don't agree" (Sui Shuo Wen, Volume 6). Its meaning includes how the state manages finance, how to manage various economic activities, how to deal with political, legal, military, educational and other issues, that is, the meaning of governing the country and calming the world;
4. Economy is family management (see Xenophon [Ancient Greece]: On Economy);
5. Economy is a kind of livelihood, a valuable thing necessary for life and useful for family and country (see Aristotle's: Politics in Ancient Greece).
Explain that 1 and 2 reflect idioms in people's daily life; The third explanation is the usage of the word economy in ancient China; The fourth and fifth explanations are the usage of the word economy in ancient Greece.
Second, the interpretation of traditional political economy works
6. Economy refers to the sum of social relations of production. It refers to the sum of production relations or socio-economic systems that people form in the process of material production and are suitable for certain social productive forces, and it is the basis for the establishment of superstructure such as politics, law, philosophy, religion, literature and art;
7. Economy refers to the process of production and reproduction of social material materials. Including the direct production process of material data and the exchange, distribution and consumption process determined by it. Its content includes productivity and production relations, but mainly refers to productivity;
8. Economy refers to the national economy of a country. Including all the material production departments and their activities of a country and some non-material production departments and their activities. We usually talk about the economic situation of different countries from the perspective of national economy (this definition makes a logical mistake, that is, circular definition).
Third, Russian economists explained that
9. Economy is all activities that follow certain economic principles under any circumstances and strive to get the maximum benefit at the least cost;
10. Economy is the sum total of actions taken by people other than human beings in nature in order to create the necessary material environment to meet our needs instead of pursuing enjoyment (see the reference [Russia] M.N Governor-Balanovschi: Principles of Political Economy).
western economics
In western economics, economists have given various definitions to economics, but the definition of economy is vague. They think that the research object of economics is economy, and the most basic concept of economy is a clear and self-evident entity, so there is no clear definition of the word economy in western economics so far. Therefore, their definition of economics is also in a state of confusion. We can only infer the "definition" of economy from its definition of economics.
1 1. Economy refers to wealth;
12. Economy is a scarce resource provided by nature and predecessors, and human beings and society choose to use it;
13. Economy refers to the use of scarce resources to produce valuable goods and distribute them to different individuals;
14. Economy refers to people's life affairs;
15. Saving refers to allocating scarce resources to different and competing needs and meeting these needs to the greatest extent;
16. Economy refers to the effective allocation of scarce resources to competing purposes;
17. Economy refers to the choices made by individuals, enterprises and organizations in society, which determine the use of scarce social resources;
18. Economy means that society manages its own scarce resources;
19. Economy refers to the choices made by individuals, manufacturers and organizations in our society, which determine the utilization of social resources;
20. Economy refers to determining the prices of labor, capital and land in economic activities and using these prices to allocate resources;
2 1. Economy refers to the behavior of financial markets, which allocate capital to other economic sectors;
22. Economy refers to income distribution, on the premise of not damaging economic operation ... >>