Some Opinions of the Central Committee of the State Council on Deepening the Reform of System and Mechanism and Accelerating the Implementation of Innovation-Driven Development Strategy

(March 13, 215)

Innovation is an important force to push forward the development of a country and a nation, as well as the whole human society. Facing the great opportunities and challenges of the new round of global scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation, facing the trend changes and characteristics under the new normal of economic development, and facing the historical tasks and requirements of realizing the goal of "two hundred years", we must deepen the reform of institutional mechanisms and accelerate the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy. We hereby put forward the following opinions.

I. Overall thinking and main objectives

Accelerating the implementation of the innovation-driven development strategy is to make the market play a decisive role in the allocation of resources and give better play to the role of the government, break down all ideological barriers and institutional barriers that restrict innovation, stimulate the innovation vitality and creative potential of the whole society, and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of labor, information, knowledge, technology, management and capital. Strengthen the connection between science and technology and economy, innovation achievements and industries, innovation projects and real productivity, and R&D personnel's innovative labor and their interest income, enhance the contribution of scientific and technological progress to economic development, and create a policy environment and institutional environment for mass entrepreneurship and innovation.

-adhere to the demand orientation. Closely following the major needs of economic and social development, we will strive to open up the channel for scientific and technological achievements to transform into real productive forces, strive to break down the obstacles for scientists, scientific and technological personnel, entrepreneurs and entrepreneurs to innovate, and strive to solve the constraints on the transformation from factor-driven and investment-driven to innovation-driven, so that innovation can be truly implemented in creating new growth points and turning innovation achievements into real industrial activities.

-insist on talent first. We should regard talents as the first resource of innovation, pay more attention to cultivating, using and attracting all kinds of talents, promote the rational flow of talents, optimize the allocation, and innovate the training mode of talents; Pay more attention to strengthening the incentive mechanism and give more benefits and spiritual encouragement to scientific and technological personnel; Pay more attention to the innovative role of entrepreneurs and technical talents, and fully stimulate the innovative vitality of the whole society.

-stick to the rules. According to the characteristics of scientific and technological activities, grasp the law of exploration and discovery in scientific research, and create good conditions and relaxed environment for scientists to concentrate on research, invention and technological breakthrough; Grasp the market rules of technological innovation, make the market the main means to optimize the allocation of innovative resources, make enterprises the main force of technological innovation, and make the intellectual property system the basic guarantee to stimulate innovation; Vigorously create a cultural and social atmosphere that dares to explore, encourages innovation and tolerates failure.

-insist on all-round innovation. Put scientific and technological innovation at the core of the overall development of the country, promote the reform of scientific and technological system and economic and social fields as a whole, promote the innovation of science and technology, management, brand, organization and business model as a whole, promote the innovation of integration of defense and civilian technologies as a whole, promote the cooperative innovation of bringing in and going out as a whole, and realize the organic unity and coordinated development of scientific and technological innovation, institutional innovation and open innovation.

by 22, an institutional environment and a policy and legal system that meets the requirements of innovation-driven development will be basically formed, which will provide a strong guarantee for entering the ranks of innovative countries. With the free flow of talents, capital, technology and knowledge, enterprises, scientific research institutes and institutions of higher learning collaborate to innovate, and the innovation vitality competes with generate, the innovation achievements are fully protected, the innovation value is more reflected, the efficiency of innovation resource allocation is greatly improved, and innovative talents share the innovation benefits reasonably, so that the innovation-driven development strategy can truly land, thus creating a new engine to promote economic growth and employment and entrepreneurship, building new advantages in participating in international competition and cooperation, promoting the formation of a new pattern of sustainable development, and promoting the transformation of economic development mode.

Second, create a level playing field to encourage innovation

Give full play to the fundamental role of market competition to encourage innovation, create a fair, open and transparent market environment, strengthen the guidance of competition and industrial policies to innovation, promote the survival of the fittest, and enhance the innovation motivation of market players.

(1) Implement a strict intellectual property protection system

Improve laws related to intellectual property protection, study and reduce the threshold for investigating criminal responsibility for infringement, adjust the standard of damages, and explore the implementation of punitive damages system. Improve the rights protection mechanism of obligees and reasonably divide the burden of proof of obligees.

Improve the legal system for the protection of trade secrets, clarify the definition of trade secrets and tort, study and formulate corresponding protection measures, and explore the establishment of a pre-litigation protection system. Study the intellectual property protection measures for new forms of innovations such as business models.

improve the trial mechanism of intellectual property rights, promote the "three trials in one" of intellectual property rights civil, criminal and administrative cases, actively play the role of intellectual property courts, explore the trial mechanism of cross-regional intellectual property rights cases in different places, and break the local protection of infringement.

improve the investigation mechanism of intellectual property rights infringement, strengthen the connection between administrative law enforcement and judicature, strengthen the comprehensive administrative law enforcement of intellectual property rights, improve the assistance system of intellectual property rights protection, and incorporate the information of infringement into social credit records.

(II) Breaking the industry monopoly and market segmentation that restrict innovation

Accelerate the reform of monopoly industries, liberalize competitive business in natural monopoly industries, and establish a unified, transparent, orderly and standardized market environment that encourages innovation.

strengthen anti-monopoly law enforcement, timely discover and stop monopolistic behaviors such as monopoly agreements and abuse of market dominance, and broaden the space for the innovation and development of small and medium-sized enterprises.

Break local protection, clean up and abolish regulations and practices that hinder the national unified market, correct local governments' improper subsidies or use administrative power to restrict and eliminate competition, and explore the implementation of a fair competition review system.

(III) Improving the access management of new technologies, new products and new business models

Reform the industrial access system, formulate and implement the negative list of industrial access, and all kinds of market entities can enter the industries, fields and businesses that are not included in the negative list management equally according to law.

break the unreasonable access barriers that restrict the development of new technologies, new products and new business models. Establish a convenient and efficient supervision mode for innovative products such as drugs and medical devices, deepen the reform of the review and approval system, increase the review resources through various channels, optimize the process, shorten the cycle, and support the development of new organizational models such as commissioned production. Implement targeted access policies for new energy vehicles, wind power, photovoltaics and other fields.

improve supervision in the fields of internet, finance, environmental protection, health care, culture and education, and support and encourage the development of new formats and new business models.

(IV) Improve the industrial technology policy and management system

Reform the industrial supervision system, and change the pre-approval to the post-event supervision according to law, so as to form an industrial policy orientation that is conducive to transformation and upgrading and encourages innovation.

strengthen the guidance and supervision function of industrial technology policies, clarify and gradually improve the environmental, energy-saving, land-saving, water-saving, material-saving, quality and safety indicators and related standards of production links and market access, and form a unified, authoritative, open and transparent market access standard system. Improve the technical standard system and strengthen the formulation and implementation of mandatory standards.

strengthen the process supervision of the implementation of industrial technology policies and standards. Strengthen the administrative law enforcement linkage mechanism of environmental protection, quality inspection, industry and commerce, safety supervision and other departments.

(V) Forming an innovation mechanism in which factor prices are forced

Using the mechanism in which factor prices are mainly determined by the market, enterprises are urged to change from relying on excessive consumption of resources and energy and low-performance and low-cost competition to relying on innovation and implementing differentiated competition.

accelerate the resource tax reform, gradually expand the resource tax to occupy various natural ecological spaces, and promote the change of environmental protection fees into taxes. Improve the market-oriented industrial land price formation mechanism. Improve the normal wage growth mechanism of enterprise employees, and realize the adaptation of labor cost changes to economic quality improvement and efficiency improvement.

Third, establish a market-oriented mechanism for technological innovation

Give full play to the market's guiding role in the direction of technological research and development, route selection and allocation of various innovative resources, adjust innovation decision-making and organizational models, strengthen inclusive policy support, and promote enterprises to truly become the main body of technological innovation decision-making, R&D investment, scientific research organization and achievement transformation.

(VI) Expanding the right to speak of enterprises in national innovation decision

Establish a high-level, normalized dialogue and consultation system for enterprise technological innovation, and give full play to the important role of enterprises and entrepreneurs in national innovation decision. Absorb more enterprises to participate in the research and formulation of national technological innovation plans, plans, policies and standards, and industrial experts and entrepreneurs should account for a large proportion in the relevant expert advisory groups.

National science and technology planning should focus on strategic needs, and focus on key areas where the market cannot allocate resources effectively. The research and development direction, technical route and factor allocation mode of technological innovation in competitive industries should be decided by enterprises independently according to market demand.

(VII) Improving the industrial technology innovation mechanism with enterprises as the main body

Science and technology projects with clear market orientation are led by enterprises, guided by the government, and implemented in conjunction with universities and research institutes. Encourage the construction of strategic alliances of industrial technology innovation led by enterprises and cooperated by Industry-University-Research.

make more use of post-financial subsidies and indirect investment to support enterprises to make independent decisions and invest first, and carry out research and development of key technologies, equipment and standards in major industries.

carry out pilot projects for innovation and transformation of leading enterprises, and explore new mechanisms for the government to support enterprise technological innovation, management innovation and business model innovation.

improve the innovation service system of small and medium-sized enterprises, accelerate the professional and market-oriented reform of institutions such as business incubation, intellectual property services and third-party inspection and certification, and expand the technology trading market.

optimize the layout of national laboratories, key laboratories, engineering laboratories and engineering (technical) research centers, classify and integrate according to functional orientation, build an open and interactive innovation network, and establish an effective opening mechanism for enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises. Explore the new mode of enterprise-led, college collaboration, diversified investment, integration of defense and civilian technologies and achievement sharing in strategic areas, and form a number of industrial innovation centers through integration. Increase the opening of major national scientific research infrastructure, large-scale scientific research instruments and patent basic information resources to the society.

(VIII) Improve the support of inclusive fiscal and taxation policies

Adhere to the structural tax reduction direction, and gradually change the state's investment in enterprise technological innovation into inclusive fiscal and taxation policies.

Make overall plans to study the policy of adding and deducting enterprise income tax, improve the accounting method of enterprise R&D expenses, adjust the catalogue management mode, and expand the application scope of the preferential policy of adding and deducting R&D expenses. Improve the identification methods of high-tech enterprises, and focus on encouraging small and medium-sized enterprises to increase research and development.

(IX) Improve the procurement policy of giving priority to the use of innovative products

Establish and improve a policy system that supports the procurement of innovative products and services in line with international rules, implement and improve relevant measures for government procurement to promote the innovation and development of small and medium-sized enterprises, and increase the procurement of innovative products and services. Encourage the use of non-tendering procurement methods such as first purchase and ordering, as well as government procurement services to support them, and promote the research and development and large-scale application of innovative products.

study and improve the incentive policies for the use of the first (set) of major technical equipment, and improve the incentive and restraint mechanisms for research and use units in product innovation, value-added services and demonstration applications.

relax the entry of civilian enterprises and scientific research units into the scope of military scientific research, production and maintenance procurement.

fourth, strengthen the function of financial innovation

give play to the role of financial innovation in boosting technological innovation, cultivate and expand venture capital and capital market, improve the flexibility and convenience of credit to support innovation, and form a good situation in which various financial instruments support innovation and development in coordination.

(X) Expand the scale of venture capital

Study and formulate relevant laws and regulations on angel investment. In accordance with the direction and requirements of the tax reform, we will study the relevant tax support policies for investment in innovative activities such as seed stage and initial stage, including angel investment.

study and expand the preferential tax policies to promote the development of venture capital enterprises, appropriately relax the conditions for venture capital enterprises to invest in high-tech enterprises, and expand the scope of venture capital enterprises enjoying the investment deduction policy to the legal person partners of limited partnership venture capital enterprises on a pilot basis.

set up state-owned capital venture capital fund in combination with the reform of state-owned enterprises, and improve the incentive and restraint mechanism of state-owned venture capital institutions. In accordance with the principle of marketization, we will study and set up a national venture capital guidance fund for emerging industries, and drive social capital to support the development of innovative enterprises in strategic emerging industries and high-tech industries in the early, middle and early stages.

improve the regulations on foreign-invested venture capital enterprises and effectively use overseas capital to invest in innovation fields. Study the relevant policies of insurance funds investing in venture capital funds.

(11) Strengthen the support of capital market for technological innovation

Accelerate the reform of the Growth Enterprise Market, improve the institutional arrangements suitable for the development of innovative and growing enterprises, expand the coverage of serving the real economy, strengthen the financing, mergers and acquisitions, trading and other functions of the national share transfer system for small and medium-sized enterprises, and standardize the development of regional equity markets serving small and micro enterprises. Strengthen the organic connection of capital markets at different levels.

Give play to the role of equity pledge financing mechanism of Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, and support qualified innovative and entrepreneurial enterprises to issue corporate bonds. Support qualified enterprises to issue project income bonds, and raise funds to increase investment in innovation.

promote the revision of relevant laws and regulations and explore the development of intellectual property securitization business. We will carry out equity crowdfunding pilot projects and actively explore and standardize the development of Internet finance for service innovation.

(12) Broaden indirect financing channels for technological innovation

Improve relevant laws of commercial banks. Select qualified banking financial institutions, explore pilot ways to provide financing services combining equity and creditor's rights for enterprise innovation activities, and realize investment and loan linkage with venture capital and equity investment institutions.

under the guidance of relevant departments and regulatory agencies, policy banks will accelerate the innovation of financial products and services within their business scope and increase credit support for qualified enterprise innovation activities.

steadily develop private banks, establish a corresponding regulatory system, and support the innovation of financial products for the innovation needs of small and medium-sized enterprises.

establish a market-oriented risk compensation mechanism for intellectual property pledge financing to simplify the financing process of intellectual property pledge. Accelerate the development of science and technology insurance and promote the pilot of patent insurance.

V. Improve the incentive policy for the transformation of achievements

Strengthen respect for knowledge and innovation, fully reflect the distribution orientation of intellectual labor value, so that scientific and technological personnel can get reasonable returns in innovation activities, embody innovation value through the application of achievements, and create wealth through the transformation of achievements.

(13) Accelerate the decentralization of the right to use, dispose of and benefit from scientific and technological achievements

Continuously sum up the pilot experience, and combine the requirements of the classification reform of public institutions, as soon as possible, delegate all the right to use, dispose of and benefit from scientific and technological achievements that are supported by financial funds and are not related to national defense, national security, national interests and major social interests to qualified project undertakers. The competent department of the unit and the financial department will no longer approve or record the use and disposal of scientific and technological achievements in China, and all the income from the transfer and transformation of scientific and technological achievements will be returned to the unit, included in the unit budget, and unified management will be implemented, and the disposal income will not be turned over to the state treasury.

(14) Improve the proportion of benefits from the transformation of scientific research personnel

Improve the service invention system, promote the revision of patent law, company law and other related contents, improve the mechanism of scientific and technological achievements, intellectual property ownership and benefit sharing, and increase the benefit ratio of key teams and major inventors. Improve the reward system and the dispute arbitration and legal relief system for service inventions.

Revise the relevant laws and policies, and transfer the benefits of service inventions among important contributors and subordinate units in universities and research institutes established with financial funds.