1, China is the first country in the world to rise up against fascist aggression, opening up the first anti-fascist battlefield in the world.
World War II was launched by fascist countries. No country, no matter what social system, can be spared by the fascist forces' cruel autocratic rule at home and crazy aggression and expansion abroad. In the 1920s and 1930s, fascist forces from Italy, Japan and Germany came to power and could not wait to launch a war of aggression in an attempt to dominate the world and enslave all mankind. 193 1 year, Japanese fascists launched the "September 18th Incident", which started the war of aggression against China and the Second World War. China fired the first shot of the anti-fascist war in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression and the world, thus raising the anti-fascist banner at the earliest time in the world.
From 65438 to 0937, Japan carefully planned the July 7th Incident to launch a full-scale war of aggression against China, and adopted the strategy of "making a quick decision" in an attempt to destroy China in a short time, end the Sino-Japanese war as soon as possible and avoid falling into a protracted war. China adopted the strategy of "protracted war" and introduced Japan into a protracted war. Facing the invasion of powerful enemies, China established an anti-Japanese national united front based on ethnic cooperation, and quickly formed a frontal battlefield under the command of the Kuomintang government and a battlefield behind enemy lines under the leadership of the China Producer Party. The two battlefields echoed from afar, and * * * opened up the world's first anti-fascist battlefield.
On the frontal battlefield, facing the well-equipped Japanese army, the China army suffered major battles such as Taiyuan Battle, Songhu Battle, Nanjing Battle, Xuzhou Battle and Wuhan Battle, which severely damaged the Japanese army. According to the records of Japanese operations, the defenders of China fought very tenaciously in Shanghai, and even if they were surrounded by bombing, they would not retreat. China's military and civilians are United in fighting spirit, and the Japanese Chief of Staff called this situation "tragic". In the battle of Shanghai, the Japanese army suffered more than 40,000 casualties. In the battle of Taierzhuang, China's defenders fought to the death, "stubbornly resisted to the end" and "rivers of blood flowed in the trenches". "Those who saw his heroic deeds also lamented it." Yes, 1 1984 Japanese troops were wiped out.
On the battlefield behind enemy lines,1September, 937, the Eighth Route Army led by Zhong * * * wiped out more than 1000 Japanese troops in the Pingxingguan Campaign in Shanxi, and won the first victory since the July 7th Anti-Japanese War. In the same year, after the fall of Taiyuan in June +065438+ 10, 5438, the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army led by Zhong * * * successively advanced, established base areas behind enemy lines in North China, Central China and South China, and carried out anti-Japanese guerrilla warfare. By June of 1938, Shanxi-Chaji, Shanxi-Hebei-Shandong-Henan and Shanxi-Sui had been established in North China and Central China.
As can be seen from the above, after the start of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression in China, the frontal battlefield in China was closely coordinated with the battlefield behind enemy lines, and the Japanese army was forced to fight on two fronts in China, which led to the bankruptcy of its "quick victory" strategy. Marked by the Battle of Wuhan, the Sino-Japanese War entered the stage of strategic stalemate.
2. The battlefield of China has always resisted the main force of the Japanese army and is the main battlefield of anti-fascism in Asia.
When the July 7th Incident broke out, the Japanese chief of staff, Akira Sugiyama, boasted that "the China Incident was solved in one month". However, as soon as the war started, China's stubborn resistance broke Japan's strategy of invading China, and Japan had to gradually increase its troops. By the time of the Battle of Wuhan, 32 of the 34 divisions of the Army, that is, 94% of the Army and some navies, were engaged in the battlefield in China.
On the frontal battlefield, the million-strong army of the Kuomintang government confronted the Japanese aggressors, containing and attacking them. From 1939 to 1944, the Japanese army launched a series of offensive actions on the frontal battlefield. Although China's army lost more and won less, it still confronted the Japanese army, and Japan's expected goal of pushing the national government to collapse and ending the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 failed to be realized. From 1943 to 1945, China's army fought in Myanmar according to the agreement of its allies. After hardships and heavy casualties, they successively liberated northern Myanmar, recovered the Yunnan border, opened the Yunnan-Myanmar highway, and resumed China's road of aiding foreign countries, thus creating conditions for the allied forces to counterattack in Myanmar.
In the battlefield behind enemy lines, the anti-Japanese armed forces such as the Eighth Route Army and the New Fourth Army led by the central authorities attacked the Japanese troops behind enemy lines in North China, Central China and South China with flexible strategies and tactics to strengthen themselves. 1939165438+1On October 7th, the Eighth Route Army killed Lieutenant General Abe, the 2nd Brigade Commander of the Japanese Independent Mixed Company, in the anti-mopping operation in Wutai Mountain, Shanxi Province. 1On August 20th, 940, the Eighth Route Army dispatched 100 regiments to attack the Japanese army behind enemy lines in North China, annihilating more than 25,000 Japanese puppet troops, paralyzing all the main traffic routes of the Japanese army in North China, which is called Hundred Regiments War in history. After the Hundred Regiments War, the Japanese base camp concentrated its military operations against China on the battlefield behind enemy lines. From 194 1 to 1943, the Japanese invaders concentrated their forces and launched a "public security war" in the anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines in North China, Central China and South China. However, China's anti-Japanese armed forces are growing in the battle against "mopping up" and "cleaning up the countryside", making the battlefield behind enemy lines the main battlefield in War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, China and the mainstay of China's anti-Japanese war. 1944 started a partial counterattack in the battlefield behind enemy lines, and 1945 launched an all-round counterattack. China's regular anti-Japanese armed forces have grown to 9 10000, with 2.2 million militiamen, which is the main force of China's counterattack.
The cooperation between China's frontal battlefield and the enemy's rear battlefield has always hit and contained the Japanese main force. According to statistics, when the Pacific War broke out, the total strength of the Japanese army was 5 1 division, including 35 in China and 0/0 in Southeast Asia. Nearly 70% of Japanese troops fought in China, and less than 20% were used in the Pacific battlefield. At the end of the war, the number of Japanese troops in China still far exceeded that in the Pacific Ocean.
The above facts and data show that China is a veritable main battlefield in Asia. 1945 65438+1October 6, Roosevelt praised him in his State of the Union address, saying, "We will never forget how the people of China resisted the Japanese barbaric attack and contained a large number of enemies for more than seven years."
3. China's Anti-Japanese War effectively restricted Japan's world strategy and strongly supported the operations of the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and other allies.
Comrade Mao Zedong pointed out: "The great China War of Resistance is not only a matter for China, but also for the East and the world." "Our enemy is a worldwide enemy, and China's war of resistance is a worldwide war of resistance." In the anti-fascist war, countries all over the world have always supported each other. The world supports China, and China also supports the world. China's protracted war of resistance effectively restricted the development of Japan's strategy of advancing northward, southward and westward, and strongly supported the anti-fascist war of the Soviet Union, the United States and Britain.
Japan's northward policy was to seize the Far East of the Soviet Union based on China. The Japanese must attack China before soviet strike. However, due to China's stubborn resistance, the Japanese had to put the army's main force into the battlefield in China, unable to confront the Soviet Union, and therefore could not put the northward policy on the agenda. 194 1 In June, the Soviet Union fully responded to the German attack, which provided the best opportunity for Japan to move northward. At that time, Japanese Foreign Minister Yodaira Matsuoka advocated going northward to cooperate with Germany in attacking the Soviet Union, but chief of staff Akira Sugiyama retorted: "Now, Japan will use heavy troops in China, which is actually impossible." 1942 12 In February, the Soviet Union launched a fierce battle in Stalingrad. Germany asked Japan to go to war with the Soviet Union, but Japan rejected Germany's request because it was unable to do so. Since then, Germany has repeatedly asked Japan to fight against the Soviet Union, but it was also rejected by Japan, so that the Soviet Union avoided fighting on the east and west fronts, was able to fight German fascism with all its strength, and ensured the victory of the Great Patriotic War. At the same time, it also shows that due to the restriction of China's Anti-Japanese War, Japan and Germany can't carry out strategic cooperation and become an alliance in name only, which is beneficial to the anti-fascist allies to divide them one by one.
The opponents of Japan's southward strategy are countries such as the United States and Britain, and the goal is to occupy Southeast Asia and the southwest Pacific. 1939 Germany attacked Poland, and Britain and France had no time to look east, which provided Japan with the opportunity to move south. On September 4th, Japan had to declare that it would not be involved in the European war because it could not get rid of China. 1940 In May and June, Germany defeated the British and French allied forces, France surrendered, and the British army retreated to the British Isles. Britain and the United States are tired of dealing with Germany, and Southeast Asia and the Pacific Ocean have become weak defense areas, providing Japan with a "golden opportunity" to go south. On July 26th, the Japanese cabinet decided to put the southward strategy on the agenda, but it was delayed to be put into practice due to the constraints of the battlefield in China. During the Pacific War, China gave strong support to the United States. 1In February and March of 942, the Japanese base camp held discussions to prevent the US military from launching a counterattack based in Australia. The navy believed that only by capturing Australia could the US troops be prevented from fighting back, which required a large number of troops from China, but was rejected by the army. At the beginning of 1943, Japan began to turn to the Pacific strategic defense, and it was in urgent need of a large number of troops. However, at this time, the main force of the Japanese army was still mired in the battlefield in China, thus creating favorable conditions for the US military's counterattack in the Pacific. Visible, it is precisely because of China's resistance to the Japanese main force that the US military can successfully launch a counterattack and win the Pacific War.
Japan's westward strategy is to try to March into India and the Indian Ocean, join hands with Germany and Italy in the Middle East, force Britain to yield, and then try its best to deal with the United States. 1in the spring of 942, the German "African Legion" under Rommel's command launched an attack on the British army in North Africa, and the British army lost. In late May, the Germans entered Egypt. The victory of the German army prompted Japan to put forward the plan of going west. Japan's base camp believes that Japan should echo Germany and Italy and enter the western Indian Ocean. On July 1 1, Japanese Lu Haijun played the role of Emperor and decided to shift the focus of operations from the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean. However, it is precisely because the Japanese main force is deeply involved in the battlefield in China that Japan is unable to implement the plan of joining forces with Germany and Italy in the West and the Middle East.
The supporting role of China battlefield in the world anti-fascist battlefield shows that China is not only the main anti-fascist battlefield in Asia, but also one of the main anti-fascist battlefields in the world.
4. China made great efforts to promote the establishment of the world anti-fascist alliance and actively participated in the reconstruction of the post-war international order.
After the July 7th Incident broke out, China actively carried out alliance diplomacy. However, with the exception of the Soviet Union, the United States, Britain and other countries adopted appeasement policies towards Japan, which made China unable to get due international assistance, and fought alone in the East for a long time, ready to suffer. 194 1 On the day of the Pacific War, China suggested that China, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union should form a military alliance, which was finally responded by the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union. 1942 65438+ 10/0/day, the anti-aggression countries led by the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union issued the Joint National Statement, which marked the formal establishment of the world anti-fascist alliance and provided a reliable guarantee for the victory of World War II. China's allied diplomacy has finally paid off, and China is also recognized as one of the four major anti-fascist countries in the world. However, in modern times, western powers defeated the Qing government by force and imposed a series of unequal treaties on China, which made China in an unequal position in jurisprudence. At the strong demand of China, the American and British governments announced the abolition of the unequal treaty with China in June +0943+10, 5438, and concluded a new equal treaty with China. Other western countries followed suit, and China finally achieved legal equality with other countries.
China, together with the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union, participated in the reconstruction of the post-war international order. 1943 10 10 In October, the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union issued the Declaration on Universal Security, announcing the establishment of a universal international organization as soon as possible. 194365438+In February, China, the United States and Britain issued the Cairo Declaration, announcing that the three countries were determined to go to war until Japan surrendered unconditionally, depriving Japan of the territories of China and other countries seized through colonial expansion, which provided a solemn international guarantee for China to recover its lost territory after the war, and also provided an international legal basis for dealing with Japan and rebuilding the new East Asian order after the war. 1945 In February, the leaders of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union decided on the principles for the establishment of the United Nations at the Yalta meeting, and decided that the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union would be permanent members of the Security Council. On July 26th, China, the United States and Britain issued the Potsdam Proclamation, which declared the determination of the Allies to fight Japan to the end, and announced the basic principles of the Allies to deal with Japan, stipulating that "the conditions of the Cairo Declaration will be implemented, and Japan's sovereignty will be limited to Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, Shikoku and other small islands decided by us." Most of the decisions, agreements and announcements made by the above-mentioned Allies Summit were made public after consultation with China, which established the framework of the post-war new international order and showed China's important contribution.
The United Nations is the most important international organization to maintain the post-war international order, and China participated in the whole process from the planning to the establishment of the United Nations. 1943165438+10 During the Cairo meeting in October, the leaders of China and the United States discussed the establishment of future international organizations, and proposed the establishment of a four-nation organization composed of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union to take charge of the preparations for the general organization of the United Nations, which was later approved by Britain and the Soviet Union. 1944 17 From August to 1810.7, the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union and the Soviet Union held a preparatory meeting for the United Nations in Dumbarton Rubber Plantation near Washington, USA, and passed the United Nations Establishment Act, which clarified the purposes and principles of the United Nations. 1945 On April 25th, at the invitation of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union, representatives of 50 countries held a meeting in San Francisco, USA. China, together with the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union, co-chaired and formulated the Charter of the United Nations, which stipulated the purposes, principles, rights and obligations of the United Nations and the functions and powers of its principal organs. On June 26th, the signing ceremony of the Charter of the United Nations was held. Representatives from China, the United States, Britain, the Soviet Union and other countries signed the Charter respectively. Dong, a member of the China delegation and representative of the China Producers' Party, also signed the articles of association. In the same year, 10124 October, the United Nations was proclaimed and China officially became a permanent member of the Security Council. From 1944 to 1947, China also participated in the establishment of the International Monetary Fund, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade.
In a word, China, as a weak country, dared to stand up against the powerful Japanese fascism in World War II, which opened the first anti-fascist battlefield in the world and has always been the main battlefield in Asia. Persisting in a protracted war, it strongly supported the battles of the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union in various battlefields, promoted the establishment of the world anti-fascist alliance, and made great contributions to the construction of a new post-war international order and the creation of international organizations such as the United Nations. History has eloquently proved that China, together with the United States, Britain and the Soviet Union, is well-deserved. The hard-won victory in World War II was the sacrifice of millions of people in China and other countries in the world. Therefore, it is the common responsibility of China and other countries to defend the victory of World War II and maintain the excellent situation of peace, development and cooperation in the world today.