Faraday was a British physicist, chemist, and famous self-taught scientist.

Born on September 22, 1791 in Newington, Surrey, into a poor blacksmith family.

Due to family poverty, he only attended elementary school for a few years and became an apprentice in a bookstore when he was 13 years old.

Working in a bookstore gave him the opportunity to read many scientific books.

In addition to delivering newspapers and binding, he taught himself chemistry and electricity, and conducted simple experiments to verify the contents of the book.

In his spare time, he participated in the study activities of the Municipal Philosophy Society and listened to lectures on natural philosophy, thus receiving basic education in natural science.

Because of his love for scientific research and his dedication to his work, he was appreciated by the British chemist David, who recommended him to the Royal Institution as a laboratory assistant in March 1813.

This was a turning point in Farah's life, and from then on he embarked on the path of dedicating himself to scientific research.

In October of the same year, David went to the European continent for scientific investigation and lectures, and Faraday accompanied him as his secretary and assistant.

It lasted one and a half years, and I passed through France, Switzerland, Italy, Germany, Belgium, the Netherlands and other countries, and got acquainted with famous scholars such as Ampere and Guy-Lussac.

Along the way, Faraday assisted David in conducting many chemical experiments, which greatly enriched his scientific knowledge, increased his experimental talents, and laid the foundation for his subsequent independent scientific research.

In May 1815, he returned to the Royal Institution to conduct chemical research under the guidance of David.

He was elected a member of the Royal Society in January 1824, director of the laboratory of the Royal Institution in February 1825, and professor of chemistry at the Royal Institution from 1833 to 1862.

In 1846 he was awarded the Rumford Medal and the Royal Medal.

Died on August 25, 1867.

Edison, a world-famous American electrician and inventor, is known as the "King of Inventions in the World."

In addition to his inventions and contributions to the phonograph, electric light, telephone, telegraph, and movies, he also had many famous creations and insights in the fields of mining, construction, and chemical industry.

Edison made about 2,000 inventions during his lifetime, making great contributions to human civilization and progress.

Edison was also a great entrepreneur. In 1879, Edison founded the "Edison Electric Lighting Company". In 1880, incandescent lamps were put on the market. In 1890, Edison had organized its various businesses into the Edison General Electric Company.

In 1891, Edison patented his thin-filament, high-vacuum incandescent light bulb.

In 1892, Tom Houston Company and Edison Electric and Lighting Company merged to form General Electric Company.

The beginning of General Electric's century-long dominance in the electrical field.

Maxwell Maxwell was a great British physicist and mathematician in the 19th century.

Born in Edinburgh, Scotland on November 13, 1831, Maxwell was smart since he was a child. His father was a knowledgeable lawyer, so Maxwell received a good education from an early age.

At the age of 10, he entered Edinburgh Middle School. At the age of 14, he published a paper on the problem of quadratic curve construction in the Journal of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, which showed his outstanding talent.

In 1847, he entered the University of Edinburgh to study mathematics and physics.

In 1850, he transferred to the Department of Mathematics of Trinity College, Cambridge University. In 1854, he won the Smith Scholarship with second place and stayed at the school for two years after graduation.

In 1856, he became professor of natural philosophy at Marishal, Aberdeen, Scotland.

In 1860, he went to King's College London as professor of natural philosophy and astronomy.

In 1861 he was elected a member of the Royal Society of London.

In the spring of 1865, he resigned from his teaching position and returned to his hometown to systematically summarize his research results on electromagnetism. He completed the classic masterpiece "On Electricity and Magnetism" on electromagnetic field theory, which was published in 1873. In 1871, he was hired as a professor at the newly established Cambridge University in Cambridge.

Vendish Professor of Experimental Physics, responsible for the preparation of the famous Cavendish Laboratory, and served as the first director of the laboratory after its completion in 1874 until his death in Cambridge on November 5, 1879.

Bi Sheng Bi Sheng (? - 1051) is an ancient Chinese inventor.

A commoner in the Northern Song Dynasty, a native of Zhihe Township, Qishui County, Qishui County, Huainan Road (now Wuguidun Village, Caopandi Town, Yingshan County, Hubei Province).

He started out as a printing shop worker, specializing in manual printing.

In his printing practice, he was well aware of the difficulties of block printing and carefully summarized the experience of his predecessors. Based on the invention of block printing in the Tang Dynasty, during the Qingli period of Renzong of the Song Dynasty (1041-1048), Bi Sheng, a commoner, created movable type printing.

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This is another great contribution China has made to the development of world civilization.

First Place: Leonardo da Vinci (Italy) Most Famous Invention: Calculator When mentioning Leonardo da Vinci and his inventions, you’d better ask the question: “What didn’t he invent?

"Because he invented so many things.

Leonardo da Vinci's work diary contains design drawings for many things, but the most noteworthy one is the design of the calculator.

Just imagine what science would be like without simple, complex mathematical operations.

Leonardo da Vinci can be called the founder of the Renaissance. He could paint (such as the masterpiece "Mona Lisa"), sculpt, and invent.

His diary, which still fascinates the world, depicts everything from the human body to helicopters and tanks.

Coolest fact: Leonardo da Vinci’s diary is more than 13,000 pages long and is still influencing scientific research to this day.