Lu Xun [188 1 September 25th ~19361October 19], China writer, thinker and revolutionary. Yucai was originally named Zhou Shuren and was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang. Born in a dilapidated feudal family. Youth was influenced by the theory of evolution, Nietzsche's superman philosophy and Tolstoy's thought of fraternity. 1902 went to Japan to study, originally studied medicine at Sendai Medical College, and then worked in literature and art in an attempt to change the national spirit. 1905- 1907 participated in revolutionary activities and published papers such as Moro Poetry and Cultural Prejudice. During this period, I was ordered by my mother to return to China to get married, and my wife Zhu An. 1909 Co-translated the Collection of Foreign Novels with his brother Zhou Zuoren to introduce foreign literature. He returned to China in the same year and taught in Hangzhou and Shaoxing. After the Revolution of 1911, he served as a member of the Nanjing Provisional Government and the Ministry of Education of Beijing Government, and taught in Peking University and Women's Normal University. 19 18 in may, the diary of a madman, the first vernacular novel in the history of modern literature in China, was published for the first time under the pseudonym of Lu Xun, which laid the foundation stone of the new literature movement. He participated in the work of New Youth magazine around the May 4th Movement and became the leader of the May 4th New Culture Movement. From 19 18 to 1926, he successively created and published novels, vagrancy, essays, graves, essays, poems, weeds, essays, hot air, canopy and the continuation of canopy. Among them, the novella The True Story of Ah Q published in19212 is an immortal masterpiece in the history of modern literature in China. 1in August, 926, he was wanted by the Beiyang warlord government for supporting the patriotic movement of Beijing students, and served as the head of the Chinese Department of Xiamen University. 1927 1 month, went to Guangzhou, the revolutionary center at that time, and served as the academic director of Sun Yat-sen University. 1927 10 arrived in Shanghai and began to live with his student Xu Guangping. 1929, son Zhou Haiying was born. 1930, successively participated in China Freedom Movement League, China Left-wing Writers League and China Civil Rights Protection League, resisting the dictatorship and political persecution of the Kuomintang government. From 1927 to 1936, he created most of the works and a large number of essays in the Collection of Historical Novels, which were included in Ji You, Sanxian, Erxin, Mobilizing from the South to the North, Pseudo-Free Book, Quasi-Romantic Talk and Lace. Lu Xun's life has made great contributions to China's cultural undertakings: he led and supported literary groups such as "The Unknown Society" and "Chaohua Society"; Editor-in-chief of literary periodicals such as National New Newspaper Supplement [B], Mangyuan, Yusi, Running, Germination and Translation; Enthusiastic care and active cultivation of young authors; Vigorously translate foreign progressive literary works and introduce famous paintings and woodcuts at home and abroad; Collect, study and sort out a large number of classical documents, compile A Brief History of Chinese Fiction, Outline of China Literature History, sort out Ji, compile Miscellaneous Notes on Old Books in Huiji County, Gougu Novels, Legends of Tang and Song Dynasties, Notes on Old Novels and so on. 19361June19 died of tuberculosis in Shanghai. Tens of thousands of Shanghai citizens spontaneously held public sacrifices and funerals and were buried in Hongqiao International Cemetery. 1956, Lu Xun's body was buried in Hongkou Park, and Mao Zedong wrote an inscription for the reconstructed Lu Xun's tomb. Complete Works of Lu Xun (20 volumes) 1938 published. After the founding of New China, the translated works of Lu Xun have been compiled into Complete Works of Lu Xun (ten volumes), Translated Works of Lu Xun (ten volumes), Diary of Lu Xun (two volumes) and Letters from Lu Xun, and various ancient books edited by Lu Xun have also been reprinted. 198 1 year, The Complete Works of Lu Xun (16) was published. Luxun Museum and Memorial Hall have been established in Beijing, Shanghai, Shaoxing, Guangzhou and Xiamen. Dozens of novels, essays, poems and essays by Lu Xun were selected into Chinese textbooks for primary and secondary schools. The novels Blessing, The True Story of Ah Q and Medicine were adapted into movies. Fu Lei (1908- 1966) is a famous literary translator and critic in China. Since 1930s, he has been devoted to the translation and introduction of French literature, and has translated more than 30 works in his life, mainly including romain rolland's masterpiece "John Christophe", Beethoven's, Tolstoy's and Michelangelo's biographies (together with the Biography of a Famous Person), Balzac's masterpieces "The Old Man", "Eugè ne Grandet", "Yi Bei" and ".
He has translated a wealth of works in his life, which is characterized by vivid expressions, fluent writing, rich words and changeable colors. Mr. Fu Lei is magnanimous and resolute. He was persecuted at the beginning of the "Cultural Revolution". 1In the early morning of September 3, 966, he and his wife Zhu Meifu both died in anger, tragically ending their lives.
Letters from Fu Lei is a very special book. It is a reflection of Fu Lei's thought, even the most important work of Fu Lei's life, because "A Letter from Fu Lei" is a letter between him and his son, which reflects his painstaking management of his son as a father. Letters from Fu Lei fully embodies Fu Lei's thoughts. It is written on paper. It's a common saying. He is free to write what he thinks, without worrying about "censorship" or "criticism". Because of this, Fu Lei's letter is like a gurgling stream in the mountains, like white clouds in the blue sky, like seagulls flying freely at sea, like flawless white jade, like transparent crystals. Feelings are so pure, so simple. There is no hypocrisy and no need to put on airs. The significance of Letters from Fu Lei goes far beyond the scope of Fu Lei's family. The book is full of father's love. Perhaps every father loves his children, but at the same time, he does not forget to give them all-round education in music, art, philosophy, history, literature and even health. Even in such a big China, how many people can reach this level is unknown, because it really needs sufficient conditions. Fathers should learn Chinese and western, sons should be knowledgeable, between father and son.
The publication of Letters from Fu Lei is a gratifying thing. It tells us that a pure, honest, sincere and noble soul, although sometimes suffering unexpected hardships, insults and persecution, falls into a desperate situation that seems to be despised by many people. In the end, the real light can't be hidden forever, but it still needs everyone's recognition, so that its flame can shine on the whole world and get the respect and love it deserves. Xu Zhimo profile
(1896 ~ 193 1 year) Modern poet and essayist. Shi Xia Town, Jianghai Ning County, Zhejiang Province. The name of the seal, the ink of the word, the fine print and Shen. Used pen name: Nanhu, Yun Zhonghe.
Xu Zhimo is a representative poet of Crescent School and a member of Crescent Poetry Society. 19 15 graduated from Hangzhou No.1 Middle School and studied in Shanghai Hujiang University, Tianjin Beiyang University and Peking University successively. 19 18 went to the United States to study banking. 192 1 went to study in the uk and became a special student at Cambridge university in London, studying political economy. During my two years in Cambridge, I was deeply influenced by western education and romantic and aesthetic poets in Europe and America.
192 1 Start writing new poems.
1922 After returning to China, he published a lot of poems in newspapers and periodicals.
1923, participated in the establishment of crescent society and joined the literature research society.
1924 founded Modern Poetry Review with Hu Shi and Chen Xiying, and was hired as Professor Peking University. Translated by Tagore, a great Indian poet, when he visited China.
From 65438 to 0925, he went to Europe and traveled to the Soviet Union, Germany, Italy, France and other countries.
From 65438 to 0926, he was the editor-in-chief of the supplement of Morning News Poetry Magazine, and started the metrical movement of new poetry with Wen Yiduo and Zhu Xiang, which influenced the development of new poetry art. In the same year, he moved to Shanghai and served as a professor at Guanghua University, Daxia University and Nanjing Central University.
1927 participated in the establishment of Crescent Bookstore. The following year, he served as editor-in-chief after the publication of New Moon. And travel abroad to Britain, the United States, Japan, India and other countries.
65438-0930 Member of China Cultural Fund Committee, elected as a member of British Poetry Society. In the winter of the same year, he taught in Peking University and Peking Women's University.
193 1 At the beginning of the year, he founded Poetry Quarterly with Chen and Fang, and was elected as the director of China Branch of Pen Club. In June of the same year165438+1October 19, I flew from Nanjing to Peiping. Because of the fog, I crashed into a mountain near Jinan, the plane was destroyed and people died.
Zhang Ailing, a modern writer in China, whose real name is Zhang Ying, was born in an imitation villa built in the late Qing Dynasty at No.313, Maigen Road, west of Shanghai Concession. Zhang Ailing's family background is prominent, her grandfather Zhang Peilun was a famous minister in the late Qing Dynasty, and her grandmother Li Ju and his wife were the eldest daughter of Li Hongzhang, an important official in the court. Zhang Ailing created a large number of literary works in her life. Types include novels, essays, screenplays and literary works, and her letters are also studied as part of her works. During the period of 1944, Zhang Ailing met the writer Hu Lancheng and had contacts with her. 1September 8, 973, Zhang Ailing settled in Los Angeles. 1On September 8th, 995, Zhang Ailing's landlord found her dead at the age of 75 in her apartment on Rochester Avenue in westwood, California, due to arteriosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases.