1. Establishing dynamic mechanism is the premise of establishing market mechanism and supervision mechanism. In order to operate the market mechanism, producers must first produce goods for a certain need. With commodities, there must be exchange. In order to reduce transaction costs and promote fair exchange, market places and market rules will be formed at this time. The result of the exchange must be that some goods sell well, prices rise and are profitable (social demand), and some goods are unsalable and unprofitable (social demand). Producers will continue to collect the market in order to obtain profits (meet social needs). The effect of resource allocation depends on the quantity and suitable situation of goods. The more commodities there are, the more effective the market mechanism will be. If there is a shortage of commodities or producers have no incentive to adjust the production of commodities needed by society, the market mechanism cannot play its distribution role. It can be seen that the premise of the operation of market mechanism is that producers produce goods or regulate the production of goods, which requires the power of producers, and the power of producers needs the role of dynamic mechanism. Therefore, the dynamic mechanism is the premise of establishing the market mechanism. Regulation mechanism is a supplement to the shortage of market mechanism, and obviously it can only play a role after the market mechanism is fully operational.
2. Establishing dynamic mechanism is an urgent task for China's economic development. China established the socialist market economy system in a specific environment. This special situation is manifested in the fact that in the whole process of establishing the socialist market economic system, it is an unambiguous hard truth to maintain high-speed economic growth. If China's economic development is slow, the consolidation of the socialist system and the long-term stability of the country will encounter great difficulties, which requires us to establish an unconventional socialist market economic system. Judging from the current situation of China's economic development, China's economy has developed by leaps and bounds after more than ten years of reform and opening up, but there are still some shortcomings. The reason is not that the degree of marketization is high, but that in the process of the transformation of the old and new systems, the old dynamic mechanism was broken and the new dynamic mechanism was not established, resulting in insufficient economic motivation, which is a typical symptom of insufficient motivation. We should suit the remedy to the case, speed up the establishment of a dynamic mechanism and vigorously improve our economic strength.
3. The difficulty in establishing a socialist market economic system is to establish a dynamic mechanism. As far as its operation mode is concerned, there is not much difference between the capitalist market mechanism and the socialist market mechanism. The capitalist market economy has operated for hundreds of years and has a set of successful practices. We can adopt the method of "bringing" to introduce, digest and absorb. The motive mechanism of capitalist market economy is mainly private ownership, while the motive mechanism of socialist market economy cannot engage in private ownership. We should establish a more optimized dynamic mechanism than the capitalist market economy on the premise of taking public ownership as the main body, which is an important topic in the history of the international capitalist movement. We theoretical workers and practical workers should devote ourselves to the research and practice of the dynamic mechanism of the socialist market economic system, and strive to create a new socialist economic system, so that socialism can tide over the low tide as soon as possible and move towards all-round victory.
The general goal of establishing the dynamic mechanism of socialist market economy is to mobilize the people of the whole society to work and study consciously and happily as much as possible on the premise of ensuring the continuous harmonious progress of mankind. The basic characteristics of the dynamic mechanism of socialist market economy are: first, diversification. That is to say, the economic power does not come from a single stimulus source, but from a comprehensive force formed in many aspects and angles to mobilize people's labor enthusiasm. The second is legitimacy. All kinds of stimulus measures are not put forward by some people at will, but formulated and made public in accordance with legal procedures, and have the same effect and binding force on everyone. The third is dynamic. The dynamic mechanism is not a fixed framework, so it cannot be a rigid model, but changes and adjusts in time with the change of the situation, thus ensuring the optimal operation of the dynamic mechanism. The fourth is human nature. The motive mechanism of socialist market economy is humanized, and people are encouraged to work to the maximum extent on the premise of caring about people's life, caring about people's happiness and respecting people's personality and rights.
The basic framework of the dynamic mechanism of socialist market economy;
1. Establish public ownership. The most powerful economic power comes not from private ownership, but from public ownership. The system with public ownership as the main body is to adhere to the principle of public ownership as the main body and the common development of various economic sectors. First of all, ensure the dominant position of state ownership. To ensure the dominant position of the state-owned system, it is not that the state abuses administrative means to support the state-owned economy, nor does it give them a monopoly position in competitive industries, but to help them unload heavy social burdens and let them develop on their own advantages in equal competition. State-owned assets should be reformed at different levels, the management of state-owned assets should be strengthened, and the utilization rate of state-owned assets should be improved. After the classified ownership of state-owned assets, it should be privatized, rather than directly operated by the government. Privatization is not the same as privatization. Privatization helps to cut off the umbilical cord between enterprises and the government, adopt various management methods and turn to the track of market economy principles. The second is to further develop non-state-owned and public-owned economic forms such as collective economy, cooperative economy and foundation organization economy, and vigorously advocate and encourage them. Third, we should create conditions for the development of the non-public economy. Encourage the development of individual economy, which is small-scale production, and will not shake public ownership anyway; Private economy is realized by hiring workers. We don't want to limit their scale and quantity, but only their business direction, such as national security and national lifeline.
2. Establish a system of distribution according to work. The rationality of the distribution system determines people's economic strength. In the past, we have been engaged in distribution according to work for many years under the condition of planned economy, but we still haven't found a better form that can truly embody the principle of distribution according to work. The wage system has been changed again and again, but it is actually a "big pot of rice", and the egalitarianism in distribution has seriously dampened the enthusiasm of workers. To implement distribution according to work under the condition of market economy, it is necessary to change the wage form from administrative to market, let the decision of wage amount obey the change of labor supply and demand, and let the labor market adjust the wage level. So as to widen the income level and let some people in some areas get rich first through honest labor and legal operation. Under the condition of market economy, the implementation of distribution according to work is to take distribution according to work as the main body, supplemented by other distribution methods, giving consideration to efficiency and fairness, so we should handle the following two aspects well: First, properly restrict distribution according to capital. With the development of China's joint-stock economy, sharing investment income can get certain income. The benefit-sharing theory conforms to the principle of fair distribution of equal capital and profit. We can't restrict it too much, let alone cancel it. We can only adjust it appropriately. The second is to prevent polarization. Due to the substantial inequality of competition opportunities in the market economy, we should properly control and adjust the extremely high-income people. At the same time, the establishment of a social security system to guarantee the individual's right to subsistence under the conditions of socialist market economy is also to ease social contradictions and stabilize the economic power of the whole society.
3. Establish a modern enterprise system. Enterprises are the main body of the market and competitors of the market economy. If enterprises lack motivation and market competitiveness, the market economy can only operate at a low efficiency and level. The establishment of modern enterprise system mainly strengthens system construction from three aspects. First, establish an enterprise legal person system. Enterprises shall independently enjoy civil rights and bear civil liabilities. State-owned enterprises should establish legal person property rights, so that enterprises can not only be responsible, but also have the ability to be responsible. After an enterprise owns the property right of a legal person, the ownership of assets still belongs to the state, but the state only owns the enterprise property as a investor and enjoys the owner's rights and interests, that is, the right to benefit from assets, the right to make major decisions and the right to choose managers, without directly interfering with the production and business activities of the enterprise. An enterprise shall operate independently in accordance with the law with all its corporate property, be responsible for its own profits and losses, pay taxes according to regulations, and assume the responsibility for maintaining and increasing the value of assets to the state. At present, we must vigorously develop joint-stock companies. Joint-stock company is an advanced organizational form of enterprises and a typical corporate enterprise. The behavior and performance of enterprises are concerned and supervised by shareholders, which often leads to high decision-making efficiency and good operating efficiency. Secondly, it is to establish a limited responsibility system. First, the enterprise is limited to the property of all legal persons and bears limited liability for its debts; Second, when the enterprise goes bankrupt, the investor is limited to the amount of capital invested in the enterprise and bears limited liability for the debts of the enterprise. Third, establish a scientific enterprise organization system. Through the standardized enterprise organization system, the power organs, supervision organs, decision-making and execution organs of the enterprise are independent of each other, with clear rights and responsibilities, forming a restrictive relationship.
4. Establish a spiritual incentive system. Spiritual incentive system is one of the important characteristics of the dynamic mechanism of socialist market economy. Spiritual encouragement can stimulate people's strong economic motives. In the period of socialist planned economy, people's labor mainly depends on spiritual strength, and it should continue to be carried forward in the period of socialist market economy. First, carry out ideal incentives. Lofty ideals are the spiritual pillar of mankind. Only when a person has an ideal can he pursue and achieve something. Only when a country and a nation share a common ideal can we unite as one. Therefore, we should establish an ideal cultivation system to make ideals a powerful and extensive economic driving force. At present, what kind of ideal can become the economic driving force of our people? In my opinion, before the people of China who have received socialist education for many years, the capitalist system has absolutely no spiritual strength to rely on. Taking the capitalist road in China will inevitably lead to people's mental breakdown. The only spiritual strength is a brighter socialist system accepted and recognized by the people after the reform. Since the concept of socialist market economy was put forward, a brand-new and long-awaited Socialism with Chinese characteristics system has appeared before us. We just want to explain this brand-new system to the masses easily and convincingly, and pursue it as a realistic ideal, so as to make it a cohesive force and enterprising force of 65.438+0.2 billion people. Second, public incentives. Make full use of all public opinion tools to create a glorious, lazy and backward atmosphere in the whole society. Let industrious people get universal praise from public opinion, let lazy people get strong pressure from public opinion, and gradually let labor become people's first need. Third, establish a spiritual reward system. Gradually formulate scientific spiritual reward standards, regularly commend and reward selfless devotees and those who have made outstanding contributions, and advocate dedication in the whole society. Fourth, strengthen the construction of civilization. Constantly open up new space for social civilization and harmony, constantly provide the best spiritual food for the people, and thoroughly sweep away social evils. With the power of civilization and progress, we will constantly strengthen the people's economic construction.
5. Establish a universal education system. Knowledge is power, and it is the power and strength to participate in market competition. Economic development and social progress depend on the social system and the quality of the whole people. The establishment of the socialist market economic system will form a more superior system. What is very insufficient is that the cultural and technical quality of the whole people is not high and there is a shortage of talents. There is no doubt that modernization is impossible in a country full of illiteracy. Therefore, we must devote ourselves to education for all. First, popularize compulsory education as soon as possible. On the one hand, it is necessary to ensure that all teenagers receive more than nine years of education, and on this basis, develop vocational high schools and comprehensive high schools, and make a transition to universal twelve-year compulsory education. On the other hand, it is necessary to provide cultural and technical remedial courses for young and middle-aged illiterates and ensure that young and middle-aged illiterates are completely eliminated by the year 2000. Second, strengthen education for farmers and workers. Carry out patriotism education, professional ethics education, labor discipline education, cultural knowledge and science and technology education among employees in an all-round way. The implementation of the system of holding certificates for employees, who have not obtained the training certificate for employees, no unit may recruit. At the same time, strengthen farmers' technical training and gradually implement the system that only those who hold farmers' technical qualification certificates can contract land. Third, train tens of thousands of management and technical personnel. We should try our best to invest, tap all potential, and train all kinds of experts who understand economy, technology and management through various forms and channels, so that they can truly become the "leaders" of market competition subjects. To implement the huge project of education for all, it is necessary to formulate laws and regulations on education investment, clarify the obligations and responsibilities of governments, enterprises and individuals at all levels for education, and truly embark on the track of governing education according to law. The state should create a social environment in which people can give full play to their talents, create conditions and provide services for entrepreneurs and various experts, and improve their material treatment and social status. Establish an operator market and a technical talent market, and select and use various technical experts and entrepreneurs through the market.
The pressure mechanism of socialist market economy mainly refers to its risk, challenge, competitiveness and unpredictability in the process of exploration.