The composition of social security funds comes from the funds formed by various components of the social security system, including social insurance funds, social assistance funds, social welfare funds and social special care funds. The social insurance fund consists of endowment insurance fund, medical insurance fund, unemployment insurance fund, work injury insurance fund and maternity insurance fund.
Fund characteristics
1. The statutory social security fund is established according to national laws and regulations, and it is raised, operated, managed and used in strict accordance with the provisions of the law. 2, the use of social security funds is earmarked, must be earmarked, must be raised in accordance with specific purposes, use and management. 3. The basic social security fund is the material basis for the smooth implementation of the social security system. 4. Mutual assistance is implemented in the distribution and redistribution of national income, and social security costs are shared by the state, employers and individuals. The fund comes from social co-ordination and is used for social members, which embodies the mutual assistance of "one person for all, all for one". 5. The government's intervention in the collection, actuarial calculation and measurement of social security funds reflects the government's social security responsibility.
Investment operation
It is very important to implement social insurance and raise funds. Similarly, how to operate, manage and maintain and increase the value of the social insurance fund gradually raised and accumulated is also particularly important. Because it is the "survival money" of workers who bear risks, under the condition of market economy fluctuation, at least the fund should be guaranteed not to depreciate when prices rise, with the aim of increasing value. The operation of social insurance funds often requires investment, in order to truly achieve the goal of maintaining and increasing the value of social insurance funds. The investment methods we can choose are: bank interest, investment in national debt (national debt: Phnom Penh bond), entrusted bank or direct loan, direct investment in industry, etc. Different investment methods have different risks and benefits. Generally speaking, the higher the investment risk, the greater the income; Conversely, the lower the investment risk, the smaller the return. Different countries adopt different methods due to different national conditions, and some of them are beyond the above scope. No matter how the country chooses to invest, it must follow the following principles, which are also determined by the nature of social insurance funds. These principles include: safety principle (first principle), profitability principle, multi-directional investment principle (or risk diversification principle), liquidity principle and social benefit principle.
Improve the principle
The principle of ensuring the normal operation of the social security system In terms of the amount of funds raised, we should grasp the principle of "balance between income and expenditure, with a slight balance". The so-called "balance of payments" refers to both short-term balance and long-term balance. Principles of correctly handling the relationship between accumulation and consumption. When macroeconomic demand exceeds supply, more accumulation is beneficial to alleviate the situation of oversupply, but it is not conducive to economic development. Therefore, we should scientifically determine the proportion of the accumulated part in the social security fund. Principles conducive to the effective allocation of resources. Social security fund is suitable for resisting risks. As the risk decreases, the required cost will gradually decrease. If we use resources for one purpose, we will lose the benefits of another. In the case of limited resources, we must weigh the investment direction of resources. We must give priority to economic development. Only when the economy develops can social security have a more reliable source. The ways to raise social security funds are: national basic insurance, enterprise supplementary insurance and personal savings insurance.
Growth advantage
20 10 China social security fund has grown from 0 to 776.6 billion yuan since its establishment ten years ago, and the growing national social security fund has now become an important part of China's social security system. In the past ten years, China's social security undertakings, including endowment insurance, have undergone a process of continuous reform, development and improvement, and the social security objectives of "providing for the elderly, providing medical care for the sick and helping the poor" are gradually being realized. The national social security fund is an important strategic reserve of the country, which is mainly used to make up for the social security needs at the peak of population aging in the future. However, due to the late establishment of China's social security system, neither social security fund nor social security fund can meet the future pension needs in terms of the current amount. According to the development goal of China, a social security system covering urban and rural residents will be basically established in 2020. As an important part of the social security system, the National Social Security Fund should have more room for development and further expand its assets.