First, the government supports the identity of SMEs. The government should appear as a social affairs manager, facing small and medium-sized enterprises of various ownership, small and medium-sized enterprises in various industrial fields, and small and medium-sized enterprises regardless of urban and rural areas; Provide policy, service and other support. In promoting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the government's function should realize three changes: first, from big government and small society to small government and big society; Second, the government's management of enterprises has changed from serving enterprises; Third, the government's direct operation of economic activities has changed into the main supervision of economic activities.
Clarify government responsibility
In supporting the development of small and medium-sized enterprises, the government should first accurately position itself, and its main responsibilities should be: to formulate development plans and rules conducive to fair competition between small and medium-sized enterprises and large enterprises; Promote and build a socialization promotion system that is conducive to the healthy development of small and medium-sized enterprises; Guide and encourage social intermediary services for small and medium-sized enterprises; Increase the government's financial and tax support for small and medium-sized enterprises; Improve and perfect the administrative and judicial supervision of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Determine the way of support
We should refer to international practice and support small and medium-sized enterprises in line with national industrial policies through legislation, taxation and finance. As a manager of social enterprises. The specific support methods should focus on: developing the direct financing system for small and medium-sized enterprises, including venture capital, GEM and technology board listing; Improve the indirect financing system of small and medium-sized enterprises, including policy banks, commercial banks and small and medium-sized financial institutions; Perfection includes three-level credit guarantee and mutual guarantee. Credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises, including commercial guarantee; Establish an innovation system for small and medium-sized enterprises including institutional innovation, technological innovation and product innovation; Promote the socialized promotion system of training, consulting and information services for small and medium-sized enterprises. It should also include necessary financial budget support and tax relief measures, such as increasing credit guarantee funds for small and medium-sized enterprises, training subsidies and venture capital.
Select the scope of support
The scope of government support policies should be small and medium-sized enterprises with products, markets and development prospects, which are in line with national industrial policies. Small and medium-sized enterprises that pollute the environment, consume high energy and have poor quality should also make up their minds and take necessary measures to close them down. At the same time, small and medium-sized enterprises with unreasonable layout and low-level redundant construction should also intensify structural adjustment. The government's support for small and medium-sized enterprises should not be "across the board". First of all, it is necessary to carry out classified research and strategic analysis on small and medium-sized enterprises, and then give classified support to different types of small and medium-sized enterprises. Small and medium-sized enterprises can be divided into three categories according to their operating conditions: entrepreneurial, growth and maturity; It can also be divided into three categories: good, medium and poor; According to the growth, it can be divided into three categories: small growth, slow growth and fast growth; According to the stage, it can be divided into three categories: labor-intensive, technology-intensive and capital-intensive. For example, fast-growing, entrepreneurial and technology-intensive good small and medium-sized enterprises can be given venture capital and GEM listing support.
Policy and practice prospect of small and medium-sized enterprises development in 2000
Structural adjustment of small and medium-sized enterprises will be strengthened. Small and medium-sized enterprises will develop in three directions: specialization, precision, characteristics, innovation, collectivization and supporting large enterprises. Contrary to the mainstream of giant enterprise merger in developed countries, the mainstream of enterprise merger in China will be the combination of small and medium-sized enterprises, and the merger of small and medium-sized enterprises by large enterprises, especially non-state-owned enterprises, will also increase. The "five small" enterprises with serious pollution will be closed down according to law. With the introduction of policies to encourage private investment and the relaxation of access restrictions for private investment industries, the number of small and medium-sized enterprises founded by individuals will increase rapidly.
Improve the credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises. The credit guarantee system for small and medium-sized enterprises in cities will be generally established, a number of provincial credit re-guarantee systems for small and medium-sized enterprises will be initially formed, and the national credit guarantee center for small and medium-sized enterprises is expected to be established. Explore the credit guarantee method for banks to issue loans to SMEs. Mutual guarantee and commercial guarantee for small and medium-sized enterprises will also develop. 5- 10% of new loans for SMEs are expected to be solved through the SME credit guarantee system.
The call for establishing national or regional policy banks to support the development of small and medium-sized enterprises as soon as possible will be further valued by all sectors of society and the government, and measures to encourage commercial banks to issue loans to small and medium-sized enterprises will also be introduced. The government's support for policy banks of small and medium-sized enterprises will mainly solve the needs of small and medium-sized enterprises for medium and long-term loans and fixed assets in the process of starting a business.
Direct financing channels for small and medium-sized enterprises are gradually unblocked. The first choice is personal investment, the second choice is venture capital, and the third choice is to raise funds by listing stocks and bonds. The venture capital mechanism to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises will gradually take shape. The main body of venture capital will change the government-led situation, and enterprises and social investors will become the main body of venture capital. The role of the government in venture capital will mainly be policy support and supervision and management. In line with venture capital, listing of small and medium-sized enterprises and strengthening mergers and acquisitions will become an important way for venture capital to withdraw reasonably. With the acceleration of China's accession to the WTO, the number of Sino-foreign joint venture SMEs will increase rapidly.
Market protection measures for small and medium-sized enterprises will be gradually improved. These measures should include market protection measures for small and medium-sized enterprises in market access, market withdrawal, government procurement and ordering, and export trade. Among them, market access should include; Gradually simplify industrial and commercial registration procedures, reduce the registered capital limit of various small and medium-sized enterprises and various expenses related to industrial and commercial registration such as evaluation, registration and audit; Market withdrawal should include: simplifying the bankruptcy liquidation procedures of various small and medium-sized enterprises and standardizing the withdrawal mechanism of venture capital. Export trade should include: gradually lifting the restrictions on the export volume of enterprises and establishing export credit and credit insurance that the government encourages small and medium-sized enterprises to export.
The innovation system of small and medium-sized enterprises will be formed rapidly. The innovation system of small and medium-sized enterprises should include institutional innovation including venture capital and venture capital, technological innovation including research and development and industrialization, and product innovation. System innovation and product innovation should be the carriers of technological innovation.
The pace of the development promotion system for small and medium-sized enterprises will be gradually accelerated. Financing, information, technology, consulting and other systems will take society as the main body and government support as the guarantee. Pay attention to and increase the training of the main operators, accountants and management technicians of small and medium-sized enterprises, and gradually form a training system led by the government, sponsored by the society, assisted by enterprises and developed by enterprises.
The unreasonable tax burden of small and medium-sized enterprises will be reduced. The market environment and policy environment suitable for fair competition among small and medium-sized enterprises of all ownership will be greatly improved.
The legislative process of the Law on the Promotion of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises will be gradually accelerated and become the Law on the Protection of Minors specifically for small and medium-sized enterprises in China.