195s

1957

The Soviet Union launched the first man-made earth satellite "Sputnik". In response, the United States Department of Defense (DoD) established the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) and began to apply science and technology to the military field.

in 196s

in 1961

Leonard Kleinrock of MIT published "information flow in large communication nets", (July)

the first paper on packet switching (PS).

in 1962

J.C.R. Licklider and W. Clark of MIT published "On-line man computer communication", (August)

containing the concept of global network with distributed social behavior.

in 1964

Paul Baran of rand company published "on distributed communications networks".

packet switching network; There is no exit.

In p>1965

ARPA funded the research of "cooperative network of time-sharing computer system".

the TX-2 computer of p>MIT Lincoln lab is directly connected with the Q-32 computer of the system development company in Santa Monica, California through a 12bps telephone line (without packet switching). Subsequently, APRA added computers from Data Equipment Company (DEC) to form an "experimental network".

in 1966

Lawrence G. Roberts of MIT published "Towards a cooperative network of time-shared computers", (October)

the first ARPANET project.

in 1967

Larry Roberts organized a discussion on ARPANET design at the ARPA IPTO PI conference held in Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA. (April)

A symposium on ACM operating principles was held in Gatlinburg, Tennessee. (October)

Lawrence G. Roberts published the first paper on ARPANET design, "Multiple Computer Networks and Intercomputer Communication".

The first meeting of developers of three independent packet switching networks (RAND, NPL, ARPA).

the national physical laboratory (NDL) in Middlesex, England, developed the national physical laboratory data network under the auspices of D. W. Davies, who

was the first person to use the term "packet". NDL network is an experimental network of packet switching, which uses 768kpbs communication lines.

in 1968

the packet-switched network was demonstrated to the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA).

the proposal about ARPANET was submitted in August and received a response in September.

in October, UCLA won the contract to establish a network measurement center.

Bolt Beranek and Newman, Inc., Inc. (BBN) obtained the contract to establish the packet switching part in the interface message processor (IMP).

U.S. Senator Edward Kennedy sent a congratulatory telegram to BBN Company, congratulating them on getting a million-dollar contract from ARPA to build an "Interfaith" message processor, and thanking them for their efforts.

a loose organization headed by Steve Crocker, Network Working Group (NWG), began to develop host-level protocols for APRANET communication.

in 1969

the U.S. department of defense commissioned the development of ARPANET to conduct networking research.

establish a node (Honeywell DDP-516 minicomputer with 12K memory) by using the interface message processor IMP developed by BBN company; AT& T company provides a communication line with a rate of 5kpbs.

node 1: UCLA (August 3th, Access on September 2nd)

Function: Network Measurement Center

Host, operating system: SDS SIGMA 7, SEX

Node 2: Stanford Research Institute (Sri) (October 1st)

Function: Network Information Center (NIC)

Host, operating system: SDS94, Genie

Doug Engelbart's plan about "Augmentation of Human Intellect"

Node 3: University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB) (November 1st)

Function: Culler-Fried interactive mathematics

Host, operating system: IBM 36/75, OS/ MVT

Node 4: Utah University (December)

Functions: graphics processing

Host, operating system: DEPDP-1, Tenex

The first RFC document "Host Software" written by Steve Crocker (April 7).

rec 4: Network Timetable

Charley Kline of UCLA tried to log on to SRI, and sent the first packet. His first attempt to type the g of LOGIN caused the system to crash. (October 2th or 29th, to be verified)

The University of Michigan and Wyoming State University have established the Merit network based on X.25 for their students, teachers and alumni.

in p>7s

in 197

the first publication about the original ARPANET host-host communication protocol: "Host-host communication protocol in the ARPA network" by C.S. Carr, S. Crocker and V.G. Cerf was published in the proceedings of the SJCC conference of AFIPS.

AFIPS' first report on ARPANET: "Computer network development to achieve resource sharing" (March)

The first packet-switched wireless network, ALOHAnet, developed by Norman Abrahamson of the University of Hawaii started running (July).

it was connected with ARPANET in p>1972.

ARPANET hosts began to use the first host-host protocol, Network Control Protocol (NCP).

AT& T built the first cross-country communication line of 56kbps between UCLA and BBN. This line was later replaced by another line between BBN and RAND. The second line connects MIT and Utah University.

in 1971, 15 nodes (23 hosts) were connected to ARPANET: UCLA, SRI, UCSB, Univ of Utah, BBN, MIT, RAND, SDC, Harvard, Lincoln Lab, Stanford, UIU(C), CWRU, CMU, NASA/Ames.

BBN began to use the cheaper Honeywell 316 to construct IMP. However, due to the limitation that IMP can only connect to four hosts, BBN began to study terminal IMP(TIP) which can support 64 hosts. (September)

Ray Tomlinson of p>BBN invented an email program to send messages through a distributed network. The original program consists of two parts: an email program (SENDMSG) in the same machine and an experimental file transfer program (CPYNET).

In 1972

Ray Tomlinson of BBN modified the email program for ARPANET, which became very popular. Tomlinson's model 33 teletypewriter uses "@" as the punctuation mark representing the meaning of "in" (March)

Larry Roberts wrote the first email management program (RD), which can list letters, read them selectively, transfer files, forward and reply. (July)

The International Conference on Computer Communication (ICCC) organized by Bob Kahn was held at the Hilton Hotel in Washington, D.C., at which ARPANET consisting of 4 computers and terminal interface processors (TIP) was demonstrated. (October)

During the ICCC conference, the psychiatric patient PARRY (in Stanford) and the doctor (in BBN) discussed their illness for the first time in the form of computer-to-computer chat.

The p>ICCC Congress thought that advanced networking technology needed further cooperation, which led to the establishment of the International Networking Working Group (INWG) in October, and Vinton Cerf was appointed as the first chairman. In 1974, INWG became the 6.1 working group of IFIP.

Louis Pouzin led the establishment of France's own ARPANET-CYCLADES.

RFC 318: Telnet specification

1973

ARPANET was first networked internationally: University of London (UK) and NORSAR (Norway).

Bob Metcalfe's doctoral thesis at p>Harvard University first put forward the concept of Ethernet. His concept was tested on the Alto computer of PARC of Xerox company, and the first Ethernet was called ALTO ALOHA System (May).

Bob Kahn put forward the problem of establishing the Internet, and began to study the network interconnection in ARPA. In March, Vinton Cerf sketched the gateway architecture on the back of an envelope in the lobby of a hotel in San Francisco.

in September, Cerf and Kahn put forward the basic concept of Internet at the INWG meeting held at Sussex University in Birmingham, England.

RFC 454: file transfer specification

voice over network protocol (NVP) specification (RFC 741) and its implementation make it possible to hold a meeting notification on ARPAnet.

SRI(NIC) started publishing ARPANET news in March; It is estimated that there are 2 ARPANET users.

ARPA research shows that email accounts for 75% of ARPANET traffic.

Christmas deadlock -- Harvard's IMP hardware failure caused it to send a broadcast message of length to all ARPANET nodes, causing all other IMPs to divert their communication to Harvard. (December 25th)

RFC 527: arpawocky

RFC 62: the stocks were hung by the chimney with care

1974

Vinton CERF and Bob Kahn published the paper "A Protocol for Packet Network Interconnection", in which the design of TCP protocol was described in detail. [IEEE Trans Comm]

BBN began to provide the first public packet data service Telenet (a commercial version of ARPANET) on ARPANET.

in 1975

DCA (now DISA) took over the operation and management of the Internet.

Steve Walker established ARPANET's first mailing list)MsgGroup, because it was not automatically managed at first, and Einar Stefferud quickly accepted it as its manager. SF-Lovers, a cc list about science fiction, became the most popular unofficial cc list in the early days.

John Vittal has developed a full-featured email program MSG, which has the functions of replying, forwarding and filing emails.

The first TCP test through the satellite connection across two oceans (connecting Hawaii and Britain) was conducted by Stanford, BBN and UCL.

the "Jargon File" written by Raphael Finkel of p>SAIL was published for the first time.

John Brunner publishes the science fiction "The Shockwave Rider".

In February, 1976, Queen Elizabeth II sent an email at the Royal Institute of Signal and Radar (RSRE) in Malvern.

AT& T's Bell Lab developed UUCP(Unix-to-Unix file copy) and distributed it with UNIX in the following year.

a multi-processor and multi-bus IMP is developed.

In 1977

Larry Landweber of the University of Wisconsin developed THEORYNET to provide e-mail service for more than 1 computer scientists (using their own TELENET-based e-mail system).

RFC 733: mail specification

tymshare company published Tymnet.

in July, a demonstration of ARPANET/ San Francisco Bay Wireless Packet Switching Network/Atlantic SANNET running Internet protocol was held, and the gateway provided by BBN was adopted in the demonstration.

in 1978

TCP was decomposed into two protocols: TCP and IP. (March)

RFC 748: telnet