2. Funds are generally defined by return on investment. For example, if you invest 1 10,000 yuan to buy a fund, and the net value increases by 2,000 yuan within one year, then the rate of return is 20%. As for how this 20% came from, it is not clear in one sentence. Generally, it includes the investment income from investing in stocks, bonds and money markets, that is, others take your money to collect investments and then distribute the investment income to you;

3. Stocks are generally expressed by dividend yield and capital gains. The dividend yield is the ratio of the cash dividend paid in the current year to the current price per share, and the capital gain is the differential income of monopoly stocks.

4. The income level of national debt can be expressed by interest rate, because when national debt is issued, it is generally marked with coupon rate (except for short-term national debt issued at discount, which can also be converted into interest rate), and the interest rate of bank deposits is basically a concept, and the interest rate of national debt as the basic interest rate directly affects the interest rate of bank deposits.