Public welfare is public welfare, and charity is charity. They cannot include each other, and they cannot compare who has a larger scope and who has a smaller scope.

Public welfare is public interest. Because the stakeholders are not all humans, they may also be animals, plants, ecological environment, etc., so it is inappropriate to call it public interest.

Public welfare and charity originate from the love for life and the world, that is, philanthropy or altruism, but they point to two dimensions at the level of action.

The dimension of public welfare is that members of society, based on a sense of social responsibility and mission, actively seek to satisfy and maintain public interests outside of government power, mobilize social resources, optimize or rebuild social structures and relationships, and solve or improve social problems.

Such as environmental protection, biodiversity protection, various policy advocacy, legislative promotion, cultural, artistic and scientific development, etc.

Public welfare actors can be individuals or organizations, and sometimes governments and enterprises are also involved.

The beneficiaries of public welfare are usually not specific individuals, and all members of society may benefit from it.

For example, if environmental protection work improves the quality of air and water sources, rich and poor people, animals and plants will all benefit from this.

The dimension of charity is usually based on pity, sympathy or intolerance, and is committed to helping individuals in trouble due to social problems obtain normal rights to survival and development (natural, protected by law, recognized by society, respected,

Healthy, equal, accessible...).

That is, charity satisfies individual interests.

The subject of charity can also be an individual or an organization, and the beneficiaries can be humans or animals and other living beings.

For example, individual disease relief, material assistance, spiritual comfort, empowerment, etc.

The two dimensions of public welfare and charity can be transformed into each other or promoted simultaneously.

When charity subjects shift from focusing on individual interests to focusing on the interests of the entire group and the entire society, they must solve the underlying root causes - social problems (usually caused by cultural concepts, systems, markets and other factors), such as through social advocacy and practical actions

Promote the progress of policy legislation and changes in social culture and concepts, and then switch to the public welfare dimension.

On the contrary, when promoting the solution of social problems and starting to act to satisfy individual interests, it enters the philanthropic dimension.

Funding poor students and helping individual students complete their studies is charity, but if we start to improve the local industrial structure, increase employment opportunities, help local people escape poverty and become rich, or promote the reallocation of educational resources and promote the fair enjoyment of educational rights, it becomes a public welfare.

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Helping a person quit smoking for free is charity, but promoting a ban on smoking in public places through policy legislation and social supervision is a public welfare.

Giving up your seat to an elderly person is charity, calling on the whole society to care for the elderly and other groups, and giving up your seat to those in need is a public welfare.

It is charity for a person to donate 100 yuan to a person seeking help. We call on everyone to actively participate in charitable donations, create a social atmosphere of mutual help, and promote changes in social concepts and improvements in legal policies (such as standardizing donation behavior, achieving openness and transparency, and protecting donors and

The privacy of recipients, etc.) is a public good.

Some behaviors or activities have both public welfare and charitable attributes, such as vegetarianism, which is low-carbon, energy-saving, and generates less garbage. It is objectively beneficial to ecological and environmental protection and is for the public welfare; at the same time, because it does not consume animal products, it is objectively

It is charity to save animals from being killed or tortured.