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Tamarix China
Tamarix ramosissima
English name Tamarix China
Alias Guanyin willow, Xihu willow and Sanchunliu.
Tamaricaceae
Morphological characteristics of deciduous shrubs or small trees. Bark reddish brown, slender branches, drooping. Leaves cuneate or ovate-lanceolate, apex pointed. Racemes or panicles with small pink flowers,/kloc-0 blooms three times a year, from spring to autumn.
The main points of propagation are cutting, sowing, layering and ramet propagation. After each flower withers, the remaining flowers should be cut off to protect the neatness and beauty of the plants.
A brief history of cultivation and flower culture Tamarix, also known as Sanchunliu, has red and soft branches, bright colors and long flowering period, and can bloom for three times. Willow is not a willow, so it is named because its leaves are slender and drooping, fluttering in the wind like willow branches. Because the leaves degenerate little, they are like cypress leaves in shape and color, so they have the characteristics of cypress and willow. Bai Juyi's poem in Tang Dynasty: "There is a water monster with a wooden name, looking at Tong Tong from afar. The roots are not strong, but the leaves are covered. Color like cypress, scales like pine. For the same conifer. Into Jiashu. The branches are weak and invincible, and the potential is high and often afraid of the wind. The snow is still low, and the wind blows from west to east. Soft fragrance is like a willow, and the phoenix tree falls early, so you can enjoy only one, without a moth in the middle. " Xin Li's poem in Tang Dynasty: "I love you, a tree is wonderful, Chiba blooms in Chiba ... The house is full of greenery, and the purple flowers have been cut ..." The two poets vividly described the branches, stems, leaves and flowers of willow trees.
Tamarix chinensis is water-resistant, moisture-resistant, saline-alkali resistant and barren resistant, and can be planted in lakes, coasts and beaches in gardens. Recently, many old willow piles have been developed to make bonsai, which is unique. Branches can be woven into baskets; Shoots and leaves can be used as medicine.
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Tamaricaceae, Dicotyledonous Pentopoda 1 family. Almost all are positive woody plants. Leaves alternate, sessile, usually petiolate, small, mostly scaly, grassy or fleshy, with many salt-secreting glands. Flowers set into racemes or panicles, sparsely solitary; Generally bisexual, neat, 4 ~ 5. Calyx deeply divided and persistent. Petals separate, scattered or persistent. Stamens as many as possible. Filaments usually separate, sparsely combined at the base, anthers 2-loculed, longitudinally dehiscent. The ovary is superior, 1 cell, carpels 2 ~ 5, placentations on the lateral membrane, and placentations at the base are sparse. Styles free or absent, sometimes combined, stigma capitate. Cone-shaped capsule with many kinds of seeds, ventral dehiscence. The seeds are all hairy or only the tips are pilose into awn columns. There are only three genera in the world: Tamarix, Cedar and Red Sand. About 126 species. Most of them are distributed in the Sahara-Gobi desert, temperate and alpine areas in Europe and Asia, and a few species are distributed in the Eurasian grassland area and its adjacent special habitats along the river and coastal areas. All three genera in China are produced.
There are 22 kinds of red sand in the world. Semi-shrub or small shrub. Gravel and clay gypsum deserts, from plains to arid mountainous areas. 3 species and 2 varieties made in China. Red sand is mainly produced in Central Asia and is usually a constructive species in desert communities. Five-pillar red sand and yellow-flower red sand are owned by Zhongyate.
There are about 90 species of Tamarix plants, mainly distributed in Asia and Africa, and some in arid and semi-arid areas of Europe, which can be distributed in saline-alkali river flood areas and forest areas along coastal saline-alkali beaches. This genus is also distributed intermittently on the west coast of South Africa. Most species are distributed in plain semi-desert and desert areas. In the saline-alkali desert valley plain and lakeside area, some species often become the main components of desert riparian forest. Tamarix chinensis is the most widely distributed and polymorphic ancient Mediterranean species. It often becomes a constructive species of different types of desert riparian forests. There are 19 species in this genus in China, among which 7 species are endemic. Vitamins are endemic to northern China. Trichoderma australis is an endemic species in desert plains and steppes of Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia and Inner Mongolia. Most of the rest are Lan Tu, a species from Central Asia. Tamarix apetala is a unique leaf-holding plant in the shifting sand of the Sahara desert in Africa, which was introduced to the sandy land of Taiwan Province Province, China. It is very similar to Taklimakan discovered in China in recent years, and it is also a pioneer tree species of quicksand.
Selaginella is a Eurasian temperate alpine genus with about 13 species, mainly distributed in China, Tibet and its adjacent areas, with Himalaya as the occurrence center and distribution center. 10 kinds of domestic products.
Origin and Evolution Many scholars believe that Tamarix plants originated from a * * * ancestor, similar to Selaginella and Tamarix, with 10 stamens. And then develop along two routes. One is the Hongsha Formation and the other is the Tamarix Formation. The Tamarix Formation develops along two branches. One belongs to Selaginella and the other belongs to Tamarix. In Tamarix chinensis, 10 stamens are the most primitive, and 5-flowered ones are more primitive than 4-flowered ones. Coleoptera is a special evolutionary branch.
Tamarix plants are widely used in desert areas. It plays a great role in preventing wind and fixing sand and maintaining ecological balance. Barks of three genera all contain more tannins. Tamarix is also widely used in construction, small tools, grazing, weaving, medicine, honey source and fuel.