Relevant economic policies to guide the development of organic ecological agriculture

Including ecological compensation, green subsidy policy, project financial support, tax reduction, exemption, interest subsidies, government subsidies and other economic support means. Support the development of eco-industry and enhance comprehensive competitiveness.

Green subsidy

Green subsidy is a form of financial payment given by the government to economic entities to encourage them to carry out environmental protection or pollution reduction activities.

The connotation of green subsidy mainly includes four basic elements:

First of all, it is a financial incentive measure to promote environmental protection;

Secondly, through the economic incentive mechanism for economic subjects to achieve policy objectives;

Third, it includes both subsidies for environmental protection investment and subsidies for pollution reduction;

Finally, there are various forms of subsidies, not only limited to cash payment, but also including credit concessions and tax relief.

According to the different contents of subsidies, green subsidies are divided into ecological service subsidies and public service subsidies.

Ecological service subsidies refer to subsidies for direct services to the ecological environment, including subsidies for forest protection, vegetation cultivation, soil and water conservation, subsidies for adopting environmental protection technologies, and subsidies for reducing chemical pesticides. This is a good subsidy for organic ecological agriculture.

Public service subsidy mainly refers to the government's general public service expenditure, such as environmental science and technology research, environmental education and training, pest control, animal and plant quarantine, rural clean energy promotion, farmland irrigation system, rural roads, etc., which has an indirect effect on ecological environment protection.

According to different subsidies, green subsidies are divided into environmental improvement subsidies and pollution reduction subsidies.

Environmental improvement is relative to the "natural state" of environment. Environmental improvement subsidies are subsidies to economic entities that create positive externalities and internalize external benefits. Afforestation subsidies, biodiversity protection, prevention of pest invasion, etc. all belong to this category, and general eco-agricultural sightseeing parks involve more in this respect.

Reducing pollution is relative to the "pollution state" of the environment. Pollution reduction subsidies are subsidies to economic entities that reduce negative externalities, which can encourage producers to take the initiative to adopt pollution control technologies. Subsidies for industrial enterprises to adopt flue gas desulfurization equipment, subsidies for livestock and poultry farmers to adopt biogas technology, and subsidies for farmers to reduce the use of pesticides or fertilizers all belong to this category.

According to the different ways of subsidies, green subsidies are divided into one-time subsidies and continuous subsidies.

Usually, the one-time subsidy is to share the economic cost of adopting environmental protection technology by producers, so as to encourage the adoption of technology or provide eco-environmental protection services. For example, subsidies for the adoption of biogas technology only occur in the year when the technology is adopted. Once the technical equipment is put into use, the government will not give follow-up subsidies.

Continuous subsidies usually provide economic compensation to producers for several consecutive years to make up for the income loss caused by environmental protection, and then achieve the incentive effect of environmental protection. For example, the government subsidizes farmers to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers, resulting in reduced crop production. This subsidy is available every year, and farmers can get it as long as they reduce the use of chemical fertilizers.

Green subsidy, ecological compensation and environmental compensation

Green subsidies are generally the environmental and economic relations between the government and economic entities at the national policy level, such as subsidies for returning farmland to forests and fallow subsidies.

Ecological compensation refers to the environmental and economic relationship between the government and the economic subject on specific matters. For example, river basin ecological compensation is the economic compensation for the downstream local government to protect the water quality of the river basin for the upstream local government, and the land expropriation compensation is the economic compensation for the government to expropriate the land owner.

Environmental compensation is an economic behavior relationship between economic subjects around the power and responsibility relationship of environmental accidents, such as the economic compensation for polluted residents by sewage enterprises.

Regarding the specific amount of subsidies, the amount varies from place to place, and it is necessary to consult the local Ministry of Agriculture.