R 1 and R2 grades
The investment scope of R 1 and R2 is basically the same, and the proportion of low-risk part of R 1 investment will be higher, which generally belongs to products with guaranteed capital plus expected income, while R2 generally belongs to products with floating expected income and will not promise to guarantee capital. The investment direction of these two grades is basically the same, and they are generally low-risk products such as bank loans, enterprises or national debt.
R3 grade
R3 products generally combine some investment products of R 1 and R2 with some volatile financial products such as stocks, commodities and foreign exchange for asset allocation, and the proportion of high-risk products shall not exceed 30%. This level is not guaranteed, and the guaranteed ratio of structured products is generally above 90%, and the expected income fluctuates to some extent.
R4 level
R4 products are generally invested in financial products with large fluctuations such as stocks, gold and foreign exchange, and the proportion can exceed 30%. The principal is not guaranteed, the risk and expected return are high, and the expected return fluctuates greatly. Due to various factors, the possibility of loss is great.
R5 grade
This level of products can be fully invested in high-risk financial products such as stocks, foreign exchange and gold, and can be invested through derivatives and leverage amplification. The principal risk is extremely high, the expected return fluctuates and the expected return is also high.
Extended data:
Fund, in English, refers to a certain amount of funds set up for a certain purpose. It mainly includes trust and investment funds, provident funds, insurance funds, retirement funds and funds of various foundations.
From the accounting point of view, capital is a narrow concept, which refers to funds with specific purposes and uses. The fund we are talking about mainly refers to the securities investment fund.
classify
According to different standards, funds can be divided into different types:
(1) According to whether the fund unit can be increased or redeemed, it can be divided into open-end funds and closed-end funds.
Open-end funds are not traded on the market (as the case may be), but are purchased and redeemed by banks, brokers and fund companies, and the fund scale is not fixed; Closed-end funds have a fixed duration and are generally listed and traded on the stock exchange. Investors buy and sell fund shares through the secondary market.
(2) According to different organizational forms, it can be divided into corporate funds and contractual funds.
A fund is established by issuing fund shares to establish an investment fund company, which is usually called a corporate fund; The establishment of fund managers, fund custodians and investors through fund contracts is usually called contractual funds. China's securities investment funds are all contractual funds.
(3) According to the different investment risks and returns, it can be divided into growth funds, income funds and balanced funds.
(4) According to different investment objects, it can be divided into stock funds, bond funds, money market funds and futures funds.
Fund form
It is still uncertain which is the earliest hedge fund. During the great bull market in the United States in the 1920s, there were countless such investment tools specifically for the rich. One of the most famous is the Graham-Newman Partnership Fund founded by Benjamin Graham and Jerry Newman.
In 2006, Warren Buffett declared in a letter to the American Museum of Finance that the Graham-Newman Partnership Fund in the 1920s was the earliest known hedge fund, but other funds may appear earlier.
In the economic recession of 1969- 1970 and the stock market crash of 1973- 1974, many early funds suffered heavy losses and closed down one after another.
In 1970s, hedge funds usually focused on one strategy, and most fund managers adopted the long-short stock model.
During the economic recession in 1970s, hedge funds were once ignored. It was not until the late 1980s that several successful funds were reported in the media before they returned to people's sight.
The big bull market in the 1990s created a batch of new wealth, and hedge funds blossomed everywhere.
Traders and investors pay more attention to hedge funds because they emphasize the income distribution mode with consistent interests and the investment mode of "outperforming the market". In the next decade, the investment strategies of hedge funds will emerge one after another, including credit arbitrage, junk bonds, fixed-income securities, quantitative investment, multi-strategy investment and so on.
In the first decade of 2 1 century, hedge funds swept the world again. In 2008, the total assets held by global hedge funds reached 1.93 trillion US dollars. However, the credit crisis in 2008 hit hedge funds hard, and their value shrank. In addition, the liquidity of some markets has been blocked, and many hedge funds have begun to restrict investors' redemption.