According to different standards, financial institutions can be divided into different types:
1, divided into four categories according to status and function:
First, the central bank. The central bank in China is the People's Bank of China.
The second category is banks. Including policy banks, commercial banks and village banks.
The third category is non-bank financial institutions. It mainly includes state-owned and joint-stock insurance companies, urban credit cooperatives, securities companies (investment banks), finance companies and third-party wealth management companies.
The fourth category is foreign-funded, overseas Chinese-funded and Sino-foreign joint venture financial institutions established in China.
2. According to the operating conditions of financial institutions, they can be divided into financial supervision institutions and supervised financial enterprises. For example, the People's Bank of China, China Banking Regulatory Commission, China Insurance Regulatory Commission and China Securities Regulatory Commission are institutions that exercise financial supervision power on behalf of the state, and all other financial enterprises such as banks, securities companies and insurance companies must accept their supervision and management.
3. According to whether it can accept public deposits, it can be divided into deposit financial institutions and non-deposit financial institutions. Deposit financial institutions mainly obtain funds by borrowing from the public in the form of deposits.
4. According to whether it undertakes the national policy financing task, it can be divided into policy financial institutions and non-policy financial institutions. Policy-oriented financial institutions refer to institutions invested by the government and engaged in financial activities according to the government's intentions and plans. Non-policy financial institutions do not undertake national policy financing tasks.
5, according to whether it belongs to the banking system, it can be divided into bank financial institutions and non-bank financial institutions; According to the national nature of capital contribution, it can be divided into domestic financial institutions, foreign financial institutions and joint venture financial institutions; It can also be divided into domestic financial institutions, foreign financial institutions and international financial institutions by country.
Extended data:
Financial institutions usually provide one or more of the following financial services:
1. Raise funds in the market, obtain monetary funds, convert them into different kinds of more acceptable financial assets, and form liabilities and assets of financial institutions. This is the basic function of financial institutions, and the financial institutions that exercise this function are the most important types of financial institutions.
2. Trading financial assets on behalf of customers and providing settlement services for financial transactions.
3. Self-operated financial assets to meet customers' needs for different financial assets.
4. Help customers create financial assets and sell them to other market participants.
5. Provide investment advice to customers, keep financial assets and manage customers' investment portfolios.
The first service mentioned above involves the function of financial institutions to accept deposits; The second and third services are the brokerage and trading functions of financial institutions; The fourth service is called underwriting function, and financial institutions that provide underwriting generally also provide brokerage or trading services; The fifth service belongs to consulting and trust functions.
References:
Baidu encyclopedia-financial institutions