The first stage of oral period (birth-1 year): at this stage, the survival and development of infants mainly depend on oral cavity and eating. Therefore, the baby's physical satisfaction and security come from eating, sucking and chewing. If the baby is not breastfed enough or leaves the mother's arms, it will lead to insecurity and anxiety.
The second stage is the anal stage (1 -3 years old): at this stage, children begin to learn to control their own urine and urine. If parents put too much emphasis on cleanliness or indulgence, it will affect children's sense of control and rights. This stage is also a critical period for the formation of self-awareness.
The third stage of reproductive period (3 -6 years old): At this stage, children begin to realize gender differences and gender characteristics. Freud believed that the experience of this period had a far-reaching impact on later character formation and sexual behavior. If children don't get enough care and support, or are restrained and restrained sexually, it will lead to later personality problems.
The fourth stage incubation period (6 years old-12 years old): At this stage, children begin to enter school age and begin to receive education and social and cultural influence. Children begin to understand the norms and values of family, school and society and form their own morality and ethics. This stage is also a critical period for children to form self-awareness and self-esteem.
Fifth reproductive stage (12 years old-adulthood): At this stage, teenagers begin to enter sexual maturity and realize their sexual orientation and identity. The experience of this stage has a profound influence on the individual's personality and psychological state. If individuals do not get enough sexual enlightenment and support, or suffer from sexual repression and discrimination, it will lead to later gender irritability and personality disorder. The experience of these five stages has a profound influence on personality formation and mental health. If individuals get enough support and satisfaction in these critical periods, they will form a healthy, mature and confident personality; If you are lacking, depressed or bound, you will form an unhealthy, immature and anxious personality.
Freud also believes that everyone has a subconscious mind, and the desire, impulse, repression and defense mechanisms in the subconscious mind will have an impact on individual behavior and psychological state. Through psychoanalysis, individuals can explore and understand the contents of the subconscious, so as to better understand and control themselves and develop healthy personality and interpersonal relationships.
The controversial Freud's theory of personality development has profoundly and widely influenced the fields of psychology and psychoanalysis, but it has also been criticized and disputed. Some of these disputes include questioning the theoretical basis and evidence, ignoring the role of biological and environmental factors, ignoring gender and cultural differences, and so on. Therefore, Freud's theory needs more research and discussion to improve and develop.