New ideas led to the drilling of light crude oil in the volcanic rock-covered area of Tuquan Basin on the periphery of Songliao. The sea trial of Haima, a 4500m deep-sea unmanned remote-controlled submersible, was successful. The new understanding of tectonic lithofacies belt led to a major breakthrough in the exploration of chromite in Luobusa, Tibet. Science and technology led to important progress in the exploration of potassium salt. A modern sampling and analysis technology system for the whole process of groundwater pollution investigation in China was established, and the world's largest skull of Phanerosaurus and its underwater foraging footprint were discovered. The achievements of 10, such as the discovery of the oldest zircon in Asia in Longquan area of Huaxia Block, revealing the crustal structure and evolution process of the ancient continent of North China, adopting high-precision comprehensive exploration technology to realize the full coverage of the geological survey of China's jurisdictional waters1:110,000 marine areas for the first time, and making important achievements in the study of Wenchuan earthquake faults, were selected into the China Geological Survey. The top ten advances in geological science and technology of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences in 20 14 represent the important progress of geological survey and geoscience research in China, and fully reflect the ability and level of geological survey in scientific and technological innovation, application and transformation of achievements. Four achievements of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences were selected.
Meeting site
1. Science and technology led the breakthrough in finding potassium and made important progress.
With the joint support of the geological survey project and the key project of the National Natural Science Foundation, the salt lake team of Academician Zheng Mianping from the Institute of Mineral Resources of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, together with the Qaidam Comprehensive Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute and other units, discovered a new type of gravel potassium-rich brine layer in the early pre-Quaternary strata of Altun Mountain in the west of Qaidam Basin. According to drilling data, the resource is estimated to be 350 million tons, which is expected to become a reserve base of potassium salt. Paleogene potash deposits with a thickness of up to 100 meters were discovered in Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin, and the thickness of industrial-grade potassium chloride salt layer was 4 1 meter. The discovery of Triassic polyhalite in Sichuan Basin is not only an important source of potassium in deep potassium-rich brine, but also a valuable slow-release potassium fertilizer. Three potassium-rich brine mines with brine storage structures in the Upper Yangtze Basin/KLOC-0 were evaluated, and the resource of potassium chloride was estimated to be 4,965,438+700,000 tons. A two-layer potash mineralization model was established in Mengyejing, southwest Yunnan, which greatly reduced the target area for potassium prospecting in the Ordovician salt basin in northern Shaanxi, and made a breakthrough in marine potassium prospecting.
The salt sample profile was taken in Qarhan, Qinghai.
"Double-layer Potassium Formation Mode" in Meng Ye Jing
2. The investigation of groundwater pollution in China has established a modern whole-process sampling and analysis technical system.
The Institute of Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences took the lead, and the National Geological Experimental Testing Center, China Geo University (Beijing), Northwest University and Tsinghua University participated in the completion. With the support of the geological survey project, researcher Sun Jichao and associate researcher Liu successfully developed a series of samplers and solved the technical problems of collecting trace components, developed efficient and practical on-site investigation technology and off-line extraction technology, and quickly and accurately identified the groundwater pollution in key areas; Investigate land use types and pollution source distribution through high-resolution remote sensing interpretation; An experimental platform for organic analysis was built, and the network remote quality monitoring of 33 laboratories in China was realized. Obtained 2 national invention patents and 20 utility model patents, which significantly improved the technical level of groundwater pollution investigation and evaluation in China.
Technical block diagram of groundwater pollution investigation and evaluation
Independent research and development of sampler and supporting device
3. Reveal the crustal structure and evolution process of the ancient continent in North China.
With the support of the geological survey project and the National Natural Science Foundation project, the team of Wan Yusheng, a researcher from the Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, discovered a large number of detrital zircons formed in 3.8 billion to 3.5 billion years in eastern Hebei, and discovered multi-stage magmatic activities in 3.8 billion to 365.438 billion years in Anshan, which proved that the Ordos block strongly participated in the late Proterozoic tectonic thermal events, and divided the North China Craton into three ancient blocks older than 2.6 billion years.
Zircon age -εHf(t) diagram of Archean rocks in North China Craton
Distribution Map of Early Archean (2.6Ga) Ancient Land Block (Ancient Land Core) in North China Craton
4. The research on fault activity of Wenchuan earthquake has made important achievements.
With the joint support of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the National Natural Science Foundation of China, the Geological Survey and the Institute of Geomechanics of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, the team of Li Haibing, a researcher from the Institute of Geology of the Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, studied in detail the nature, process, structure, weakening mechanism and strengthening effect of the Wenchuan earthquake fault zone, and revealed the earthquake rupture, creep rupture and deformation mechanism of the Longmenshan fault zone. The relationship between graphite layer and earthquake is analyzed, the lowest fault friction coefficient in the world is measured, the information of rapid fracture healing process after earthquake is recorded for the first time, and the earthquake fracture theory is improved, which is of great significance for deepening the understanding of Wenchuan earthquake mechanism. The main achievements were published in international core journals such as Science, Geology and Structural Physics, which had an important academic influence.
Characteristic map of main sliding zone of core of Wenchuan earthquake fault zone scientific drilling project 1 (WFSD- 1)
Long-term temperature measurement data of Wenchuan earthquake fault zone scientific drilling project 1 borehole (WFSD- 1)