(1) The competent department of geology and mineral resources is the competent department of geological exploration in China

Before 1988, the management system of geological exploration in China experienced many changes. In the meantime, although the State Council also authorized the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources to conduct centralized management of some geological exploration work, it did not form the concept of industry management. In the institutional reform in 1988, according to the needs of the national economic and social development and the reform and development of the geological exploration industry, the nature, tasks and functions of the competent department of geology and mineral resources were repositioned, and it was made clear that the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources was the government functional department that comprehensively managed the national geological and mineral work under the leadership of the State Council, and was also the competent department of the national geological exploration industry.

through the adjustment and change of the functions and responsibilities of the competent department of geology and mineral resources, one of the basic orientations of its functional transformation is determined, that is, the management of geological prospecting work is changed from the actual departmental management to the industry-based management. Since then, the management of geological prospecting industry has embarked on an institutionalized track, and the reform and development of geological prospecting industry has also been guaranteed by the system and organization to a certain extent. In the institutional reform in 1993, the industry management function of the competent department of geology and mineral resources was further strengthened.

(II) Responsibilities and Tasks of Geological Exploration Industry Management

According to the Notice of the General Office of the State Council on Printing and Distributing the Function Setting, Internal Organization and Staffing Plan of the Ministry of Geology and Mineral Resources (Guo Ban Fa [1994] No.48), the state entrusts the administrative department of geology and mineral resources with the functions and authority to manage the geological exploration industry. The basic responsibilities and main work contents of geological prospecting industry management include the following aspects:

(1) Organizing and guiding the implementation of medium-and long-term plans, annual plans and relevant special plans for geological exploration, participating in the formulation of strategies, principles, technical and economic policies and various laws and regulations for the reform and development of geological exploration work system, and uniformly deploying and coordinating geological exploration work. Responsible for the preparation of national geological prospecting fees, national (central and local) mineral resources compensation fees and geological exploration fund allocation plans, participating in the demonstration of mineral resources supply and demand situation and technical and economic evaluation, organizing important geological exploration activities and relevant experience exchanges, summarizing plans and plans for geological science and technology and education, organizing the formulation of policies, regulations, plans and plans for the development of geological markets, and conducting implementation guidance, inspection and supervision on relevant policies, regulations, systems, plans and plans.

(2) Be responsible for the qualification management of geological exploration units (including basic geology, mineral geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology, environmental geology, marine geology, aerial remote sensing geology and geological mapping), rock and mineral testing units and mineral exploration enterprises and institutions, formulate relevant qualification standards and conduct qualification examination and certification; Responsible for the registration management of geological exploration projects, including the granting, registration, alteration, continuation and cancellation of exploration rights of geological exploration projects other than mineral exploration projects; To be responsible for investigating and handling disputes over the ownership of exploration, and ensuring the exploration right and exploration right of the prospectors; Responsible for the registration and management of mineral resources exploration results (including the protection of mineral land discovery rights) and the summary of geological exploration results, participate in the demonstration and acceptance of major national geological exploration projects, and reward and commend collectives and individuals who have made outstanding contributions in geological exploration activities.

(3) Organize the formulation and implementation of standards, norms and procedures for geological exploration, be responsible for the quality supervision and management of geological exploration activities, organize the investigation and handling of major quality accidents and disputes in geological exploration, organize the evaluation and commendation of quality management achievements in geological exploration industry, and centrally manage the work of china association for quality Geological Exploration Industry Committee and Regional Geological Mineral Geological Standards Committee; Responsible for the coordination and management of geological exploration technology, participate in the examination and approval of mineral resources exploration projects carried out by Sino-foreign joint ventures, Sino-foreign cooperation and wholly foreign-owned enterprises in China's territory and jurisdictional waters, manage and coordinate the geological work of China's territorial waters and jurisdictional waters, coordinate the international seabed and polar geological scientific investigation, and participate in the project demonstration and achievement acceptance of major marine geological exploration projects and scientific research projects.

(4) Be responsible for the comprehensive statistical work of geological exploration industry, manage the statistical data information system of geological exploration, centralize the statistical achievements of geological science and technology and geological education, uniformly release statistical information, provide public welfare and basic geological exploration data and relevant data of geological exploration supervision to the society, accept inquiries and consultations on geological exploration, and provide information services and other related services to the society and the public; Responsible for contacting and coordinating all kinds of related relationships inside and outside the industry and providing social services.

since the establishment of the industry management function of the competent department of geology and mineral resources in 1988, this function has been implemented for nearly 1 years. Although some achievements have been made, there are still many problems: First, the department management is strong, the government and enterprises are not divided, and it is difficult to implement industry management centrally and uniformly; Second, the power is unclear, the responsibility is unclear and the management is weak; Third, the government's management of geological exploration industry is too much and too detailed, and many tasks that should be managed by intermediary organizations such as associations are taken over by the government, which does not meet the requirements of the development of socialist market economy for industry management. These problems need to be further explored and solved in the future reform practice.