structure
Tiangong-1 target aircraft is a manned spacecraft, which was developed by China Academy of Space Technology and Shanghai Academy of Space Technology under China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. Height10.4m, weight 8.5t.. It is divided into experimental module and resource module. The maximum diameter of the engine room is 3.35 meters. Compared with the previous manned spacecraft, the space provided by Tiangong-1 for astronauts has been greatly expanded, reaching 15 cubic meters, which can meet the needs of three astronauts at the same time. The front end of the experimental cabin is equipped with a passive docking structure, which can dock with the tracking aircraft.
Resource cabin
The main task of the resource module is to provide energy guarantee for the flight of Tiangong-1 and control the flight attitude. )
All the equipment (solar wing) of the power subsystem of Tiangong-1 is in the resource cabin, which includes fuel to provide energy for the aircraft. The six control moment gyroscopes in Tiangong-1 navigation and guidance system are also in the resource cabin. The purpose of the navigation and guidance system is to find the target when Tiangong-1 is docked with the tracking aircraft, and the control moment gyro will accurately control the attitude of Tiangong-1.
Experimental cabin
(The experimental cabin is mainly responsible for the work, training and life of astronauts)
The experimental cabin is a completely sealed environment. After docking, the astronauts entered the cabin for work and training, and some necessary life activities and sleep were also carried out here. There is a sleeping area (including sleeping bags used by astronauts) and a fitness area to keep the astronauts' bones strong.
life support system
Because the former shenzhou spaceship served for short-term manned space activities, the oxygen, water and food needed by astronauts were carried directly from the ground. Because the future space station will carry out manned space activities for a long time, a regenerative life support system will be adopted, and the oxygen and water needed by astronauts will be recycled in the station to reduce ground replenishment. The life support system was started on September 30th, 20 1 1.
Spacecraft structure
Shenzhou-8 spacecraft is a three-compartment structure, which consists of an orbital module, a return module and a propulsion module. The automatic docking mechanism is installed at the front end of the spacecraft orbital module and has the functions of automatic and manual rendezvous, docking and separation. Shenzhou-8 will basically become the standard space ferry in China, and will be mass-produced in the future.
Structural parameters
Ba Shen is an improved spaceship with a total length of 9 meters, a maximum diameter of 2.8 meters and a takeoff mass of 8,082 kilograms.
The improved "Long March II" F-8 rocket for launching the Shenzhou-8 spacecraft has a total length of 58.3 meters, a take-off mass of 497 tons and a carrying capacity of 8 130 kg. Chinese and German scientists will carry out 17 space life science experiments on Shenzhou-8. Different from the previous spacecraft launch, this rendezvous and docking mission requires the spacecraft to launch with "zero window".
technical characteristics
On the basis of previous spacecraft, Shenzhou-8 spacecraft has made great technical improvements. More than 600 sets of equipment in the whole ship, more than half of which have changed their technical status. Among them, newly developed equipment and newly added equipment account for 15%. The main changes are two aspects:
It has the functions of automatic and manual rendezvous and docking, so some new equipment has been added and improved. For example, we have newly developed a heterogeneous and isomorphic peripheral configuration and a variety of rendezvous and docking measurement equipment, and the flight software and control software for autonomous control of rendezvous and docking are also newly designed and developed. In order to meet the rendezvous and docking mission, the spacecraft is equipped with translation and thrust engines. At the same time, the astronauts' manual control equipment has also been improved.
The current spacecraft has the docking capability of 180 days on the basis of the previous 57 days of autonomous flight. Due to the adoption of new solar cells, the power generation capacity of Shenzhou-8 spacecraft has increased by 50%. The parachute system and landing buffer system of the spacecraft have also been technically improved to improve the reliability of use.
At 2011115: 58 am, 10 second, China's "Long March II F" remote eight carrier rocket was ignited and launched at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center. After 583 seconds of rocket flight, Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was successfully sent to perigee 200. Chang Wanquan, commander-in-chief of China's manned spaceflight project, later announced at Jiuquan Satellite Launch Center that the launch of Shenzhou-8 spacecraft was a complete success. Shenzhou-8 spacecraft has automatic and manual rendezvous and docking functions. After the launch, it will rendezvous and dock with Tiangong-1, the target aircraft running stably in orbit, and carry out the first space rendezvous and docking mission of China manned space flight. The scientific name of Tiangong-1 is "Target Aircraft", because several subsequent shenzhou spaceship ships will dock with it to improve the rendezvous and docking technology of the aircraft. In the words of professionals, "Tiangong-1" is not only the target aircraft of space rendezvous and docking, but also a simple space laboratory. China will use this platform to carry out relevant technical experiments in the space laboratory. On the basis of the Long March II F rocket, the Long March II F carrier rocket has made many improvements, with the characteristics of higher carrying capacity, higher orbit accuracy and higher reliability. The launch of Shenzhou-8 spacecraft is the149th space flight of China Long March series launch vehicles. [