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Fund, broadly speaking, refers to a certain amount of funds set up for a certain purpose. It mainly includes trust and investment funds, provident funds, insurance funds, retirement funds and funds of various foundations.
Fund form
It is still uncertain which is the earliest hedge fund. During the great bull market in the United States in the 1920s, there were countless such investment tools specifically for the rich. One of the most famous is the Graham Newman Partnership Fund founded by Benjamin Graham and Jerry Newman.
In 2006, Warren Buffett declared in a letter to the magazine of American Financial Museum that Graham Newman Partnership Fund in the 1920s was the earliest known hedge fund, but other funds may have appeared earlier.
In the economic recession of 1969- 1970 and the stock market crash of 1973- 1974, many early funds suffered heavy losses and closed down one after another. In 1970s, hedge funds usually focused on one strategy, and most fund managers adopted the long-short stock model. During the economic recession in 1970s, hedge funds were once ignored. It was not until the late 1980s that several successful funds were reported in the media before they returned to people's sight.
The big bull market in the 1990s created a batch of new wealth, and hedge funds blossomed everywhere. Because hedge funds emphasize the income distribution mode with consistent interests and the investment mode of "outperforming the market", traders and investors pay more attention to hedge funds In the next decade, the investment strategies of hedge funds will emerge one after another, including credit arbitrage, junk bonds, fixed-income securities, quantitative investment, multi-strategy investment and so on.
In the first decade of 2 1 century, hedge funds swept the world again. In 2008, the total assets held by global hedge funds reached 1.93 trillion US dollars. However, the credit crisis in 2008 hit hedge funds hard, and their value shrank. In addition, the liquidity of some markets has been blocked, and many hedge funds have begun to restrict investors' redemption.