With China's reform and opening up and the development of jewelry industry, the importance of professional and technical jewelry evaluation service is increasingly prominent.

1. Jewelry appraisal background

With the development of China's jewelry industry, as early as the early 1990s, jewelry appraisal behavior appeared spontaneously. At that time, some experts and scholars were invited to participate in the evaluation activities of the enterprise, and the evaluation certificate was signed according to the requirements of the enterprise. Appraisal certificate usually describes the jewelry to be appraised and lists the appraisal data, and then draws the conclusion of monetization value by integrating its social value, collection value, educational value and artistic value. In order to increase persuasiveness and highlight the characteristics of the appraisal object, the appraisal certificate will emphasize some aspects, such as evaluating a piece of red corundum raw material, which will be called "a rare giant ruby raw material in the world"; Evaluating a piece of jade raw material or jade carving, the certificate will state that "a fairy can't break an inch of jade" and take the carat unit price of the diamond as a reference; When evaluating the "Night Pearl", the certificate will quote the classics and compare the treasures stolen from the Empress Dowager Cixi's mausoleum with them ... The evaluation conclusion is often based on "100 million". For a time, this kind of evaluation certificate was quite rampant. Some kind experts are used, the reputation of the industry is damaged, and the interests of third parties are damaged.

At the same time, asset appraisal companies and accounting firms serving the restructuring of state-owned enterprises have successively issued appraisal reports on jewelry and ornaments in order to meet the requirements of the entrusting party in product promotion, product transaction and enterprise capital verification. There are obvious technical defects in the professional quality of these appraisal reports, especially the unreasonable choice of appraisal comparison, which leads to unreasonable value conclusions from time to time. Because these appraisal institutions have a certain legal status, the appraisal certificates issued by them have a certain legal effect, which leads to a series of social and economic problems such as the accounting firm's registration and capital verification and audit according to the value conclusion of the appraisal report.

Due to the lack of responsible subjects and professionalism in these appraisal reports, the relevant management agencies have received consulting letters from all walks of life on the legality of certificates and the reliability of the appraisers, demanding that the management of jewelry appraisal behavior be standardized.

2. The birth of professional jewelry appraisal

In order to better maintain the order of the jewelry market and protect the legitimate rights and interests of various economic entities, the Jewelry Management Center of the Ministry of Land and Resources, together with the Ministry of Finance, the Ministry of Personnel and the China Assets Appraisal Association, began to build the China Jewelry Appraisal System 65438-0998. On the one hand, the construction of this system starts with personnel training and establishes the qualification examination and registration management system of jewelry appraisers in China; On the other hand, we should start with the management and behavior norms of institutions, standardize behaviors and clarify responsibilities.

Figure 6-4-8 First batch of certified asset appraisers (jewelry)

In order to better form the appraiser team, the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Finance issued the Notice on Adding Jewelry Appraisal Major to the Qualification of Certified Asset Appraisers in 2003 (No.2003 19), and China Assets Appraisal Association issued the Implementation Measures for the Qualification Examination of Certified Asset Appraisers (No.3, 2003). Through the subsequent qualification examination and registration management, the team of jewelry appraisers has gradually grown.

According to the national regulations, asset appraisers must undergo follow-up training, unified registration management, and abide by the code of conduct before they can legally practice. In order to further standardize the jewelry appraisal, in 2007, the Ministry of Finance issued the Notice of the Ministry of Finance on Regulating the Management of Jewelry Appraisal (Caiqi [2007] 14 1No.). In 2009, China Assets Appraisal Association formulated the Jewellery Appraisal Criteria on the basis of practicing the Guiding Opinions on Jewellery Appraisal, which was incorporated into China.

At this point, jewelry evaluation has gradually become professional and standardized with social needs and industry development.

3. The evaluation service object evolves with the development of the industry.

Jewelry assets are mostly non-state-owned, and the practice of jewelry evaluation is highly market-oriented, and the service targets involve all aspects of society. In different periods, with the development of the industry, the evaluation task has different characteristics.

3. 1 Solve the problem of bad jewelry assets and economic disputes.

Fig. 6-4-9 Vice Minister of Finance issues the membership card of China Assets Appraisal Association to Zhonghengyu Assets Appraisal Co., Ltd.

In the 1990s, some enterprises used jewelry as collateral to borrow money from banks. After the four major asset management companies were separated from the four major state-owned banks, the jewelry pledge was labeled as non-performing assets and placed under the asset management company for disposal and realization. Undistributed banks will recover their debts through the court if they cannot recover their loans. The disposal of jewelry, as well as economic disputes involving jewelry and other cases, need to evaluate its real economic value from the law. Therefore, once the standardized jewelry appraisal business is launched, it will immediately publicize the importance of professional jewelry appraisal, and assist asset management companies and courts to solve problems with high-quality appraisal services after bidding.

3.2 With the multi-angle penetration of the industry into society, it develops.

Under the background of sustained and rapid economic development in China, the jewelry industry in China is also growing rapidly. At present, it has more than 50,000 jewelry enterprises and more than 3 million employees, with an annual retail sales of nearly $30 billion and an annual export of more than $8 billion. In the decade before 2008, the average annual growth rate of total domestic sales and total export of Chinese jewelry was above 10%.

In the micro-retail market, consumers and operators of high-end jewelry also put forward higher requirements for professional services: on the basis of authenticity identification, evaluate the value. For example, a well-known brand enterprise represented by "Beijing Caishikou Department Store Co., Ltd." sells high-grade jewelry with "appraisal certificate" in order to enhance consumer confidence and improve brand credibility.

In addition, with the multi-angle penetration of the industry into society, jewelry appraisal began to serve various economic behaviors, such as asset transfer and company establishment. At the same time, customs, insurance companies, fund companies, charities, jewelry and jade collection agencies will also set foot in jewelry for various reasons, thus creating a demand for legal and professional jewelry evaluation services. China's comprehensive national strength and China's jade culture are deeply rooted in people's hearts, which are reflected in the successful hosting of the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games and the design of gold-inlaid jade medals. In the process of making and negotiating medals for the Olympic and Paralympic Games, the Organizing Committee of the Olympic Games specially entrusted professional jewelry appraisal companies to evaluate the value of gold, silver, copper and jade.

2009 China Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Guide

3.3 Serve the large-scale and modern transformation of jewelry enterprises.

With the standardization of gold and diamond trading rules and the adjustment of tax policies, the modern operation of jewelry enterprises has been gradually accelerated, gradually integrated into the capital market, and has been brewing enterprise restructuring, asset restructuring, and entering the ranks of IPO (initial public offering). Jewelry has also become an important asset of some listed companies or the focus of some venture capital companies because of its stable nature and high gold content.

However, due to the uniqueness of jewelry, the financing behavior of some jewelry enterprises has been delayed or even blocked. Some investors and management may have questions about:

2009 China Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Guide

(1) Jewelry assets, especially gem raw materials and carvings, are of various types and different qualities, so even if they are similar in appearance, their values may vary greatly. Without professional assistance and professional evaluation, it is difficult to make correct judgments and decisions. For example, a delisting listed jewelry company used CZ (cubic zirconia) as a diamond for mortgage financing.

(2) Jewelry assets, especially in the near future, fluctuate greatly in value. In recent years, the international economic situation has been turbulent, and the market prices of jewelry assets, especially platinum, gold, jade and diamonds, have also fluctuated greatly. Platinum, for example, reached 532 yuan/gram in 2008, down 183 yuan/gram, with an amplitude of nearly 300%. The violent impact of the economic crisis on the diamond industry and the political stability of gem-producing countries (such as Myanmar) have also directly or indirectly affected China's jewelry market, making the timeliness of jewelry assets very prominent, and it is difficult for financial accountants, auditors and supervisors to grasp the real situation of enterprise assets in time and make reasonable judgments and forecasts on business conditions.

In order to effectively strengthen supervision, predict risks and protect the legitimate rights and interests of investors, especially small and medium-sized investors. On June 5438+065438+ 10, 2009, the China Securities Regulatory Commission stated that "listed companies and companies to be listed should employ qualified jewelry asset appraisal institutions to conduct appraisal in the transaction activities involving jewelry-related assets." This attitude of the CSRC clearly conveys multi-level information: the importance of jewelry assets is increasingly prominent, the value of jewelry needs professional evaluation, and the process of listing and restructuring of jewelry enterprises has entered the fast lane.

Jewelry appraisal is a part of the standardized management of asset appraisal in China, and it is one of the signs of the deepening development of asset appraisal. It plays an important role in standardizing the operation of jewelry assets, maintaining the economic order of jewelry industry and promoting the development of jewelry industry. With the rapid development of jewelry industry, the business fields and service objects of jewelry appraisal are also expanding, which has become an indispensable part of the construction of jewelry industry and a bridge and link between government supervision departments and enterprises, enterprises and consumers.

2009 China Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Guide

China International Jewelry Fair is co-sponsored by China Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Industry Association and Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Management Center of Ministry of Land and Resources. As one of the three major jewelry exhibitions in China, China International Jewelry Fair has gathered jewelry manufacturers, wholesalers, retailers and franchisees from all over the world and domestic provinces and cities, with more than 2,000 booths and an exhibition area of 40,000 square meters. China International Jewelry Fair is a stage to promote jewelry brands, the best place for business negotiations and transactions, and a platform for jewelry entrepreneurs, designers, appraisers and professionals to talk about trends and seek common cooperation and development.

2009 China Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Guide

20 10 Shanghai international jewelry exhibition is jointly sponsored by seven authoritative domestic jewelry industry organizations, including China Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Industry Association, Jewelry and Jade Jewelry Management Center of Ministry of Land and Resources, Shanghai Gold Exchange, Shanghai Diamond Exchange, Shanghai Gold and Jewelry Industry Association, Shenzhen Gold and Jewelry Industry Association and Shanghai Gemstone Association. By then, jewelers from more than 20 countries and regions will participate in the exhibition, with more than 1 100 booths and an exhibition area of 23,000 square meters. This is the largest and highest-standard jewelry exhibition in Shanghai and the most influential jewelry event in East China.