China $4,282

India 137 1 USD

Brazil 108 16 USD

Russia $65438 +00356

In 200 1 year, Jim O 'Neill, chief economist of Goldman Sachs, first put forward the concept of "BRIC", especially for investment representatives in emerging markets. "BRIC" refers to the initials of Russia, China, Brazil and India. Because this word is very similar to the English word Brick, it is called "BRIC". In 2008 -2009, relevant countries held a series of talks, established a summit mechanism and expanded it into an international political entity. After South Africa joined 20 10, its English word became "BRICS" and was renamed "BRICS". The symbol of the BRICS countries is a circle surrounded by the representative colors of the five national flags, which symbolizes the cooperation and unity of the BRICS countries.

China

China is the most dynamic economic region in the world, attracting the most foreign investment and becoming the production base of the largest enterprise group in the world. Starting from 20 10, GDP surpassed Japan and ranked second. In 20 13, China's total import and export trade exceeded the historical threshold of $4 trillion for the first time, reaching $4 16 trillion, replacing the United States as the world's largest trading country, which aroused strong concern from the outside world. Analysts said that in 20 13 years, China's total trade volume is expected to surpass that of the United States by 250 billion dollars, and the gap between China and the United States will widen in the next few years.

With1300 million inhabitants, China is the most populous country in the world. Abundant, cheap and reliable labor force has promoted China's economic prosperity. In addition to the unparalleled price advantage, the quality of employed people is also constantly improving. However, there is also a crisis hidden under the engine of world economic growth.

Although the Bank of China has set loan restrictions, the hidden danger of overheating has not been eliminated; The huge income scissors difference between urban and rural areas and individuals also makes the development unbalanced and endangers social stability; Environmental pollution is becoming more and more serious. China stock market lacks independent and effective supervision mechanism; A series of problems, such as insufficient raw materials and energy, have created bottlenecks for China's economy.

The Geneva-based World Economic Forum recently released the global competitiveness report 20 14-20 15, and Chinese mainland's competitiveness rose by one place compared with 20 13, ranking 28th. Switzerland topped the list for six consecutive years, while Singapore and the United States ranked second and third, while Russia, South Africa, Brazil and India, both BRICS countries, ranked 53rd, 56th, 57th and 7 1 respectively. China's economic competitiveness is still in the leading position among BRICS countries.

Brazil

The gross national product of Brazil is the highest in Latin America. In addition to the traditional agricultural economy, the production and service industries are booming, with natural advantages in raw material resources, and the reserves of iron, copper, nickel, manganese and bauxite rank first in the world. In addition, emerging industries such as communications and finance are also on the rise. Fernando henrique cardoso, the former president of Brazil and the leader of the Brazilian Social Democratic Party, formulated a set of economic development strategies, which laid the foundation for the later economic revitalization.

As early as the 1960s and 1970s, Brazil had entered the ranks of underdeveloped countries, and had the basic conditions for attacking economic powers more than 20 years ago. However, due to persistent inflation, it suffered from "Latin American disease", which failed to catch up with developed countries and had no advantage of cheap labor, and was marginalized by the global economy for 30 years. Now, it has finally come out of the trough, and the sustained and strong economic growth has made it embark on a forum of direct dialogue with western powers.

This reformed policy was later carried forward by Luiz Iná cio Lula da Silva, chairman of the Brazilian Labor Party. Its core contents are: introducing a flexible exchange rate system; Reform the medical and pension systems; Streamline the system of government officials. But some critics believe that Xiao He lost and Xiao He lost. Corruption and bribery within the Brazilian Labor Party have shaken the ruling foundation of the current government to a great extent.

Is the economic take-off on the fertile soil of South America sustainable? The risks behind the opportunities are also enormous. Therefore, long-term investors based on the Brazilian market need strong nerves and enough patience.

India

India is the second most populous country in the world, and more than 6,000 listed companies have also made its stock market unprecedented. In the past 20 years, India's economy has grown steadily at an average annual rate of 5.6%. Behind the economic front is a high-quality employment army.

India is the largest developing country with parliamentary system in the world. Twenty years ago, it was one of the poorest countries in the world Its rapid economic growth only lasted for more than ten years, but it has reached the international advanced level in software, medicine and other industries, and its financial service system is very perfect. It is moving towards a road of transformation from a poor and backward country to an economic power.

According to preliminary statistics, in the eyes of about 23 million university graduates in India, western enterprises are becoming more and more attractive. One quarter of the largest 1000 companies in the United States use software developed in India. Indian pharmaceutical industry also occupies an important position in the global market.

40% of the world's "generic drugs" (drugs whose patent period has expired) are produced in India. This industry has driven disposable personal income to rise rapidly with a double-digit growth rate. At the same time, a number of middle classes have emerged in Indian society that pay attention to enjoyment and are willing to spend. In addition, some large-scale infrastructure projects, such as the 6000-kilometer-long expressway network and the booming export trade, have also provided powerful successors for economic development.

Of course, the Indian economy also has weaknesses that cannot be ignored, such as imperfect infrastructure, high fiscal deficit, and excessive dependence on energy and raw materials. Politically, changes in social ethics and tensions in Kashmir may lead to economic turmoil.

Russia

199 1 After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, Russia changed from a closed centrally planned economy to an internationally integrated market economy. Russia is already the largest natural gas exporter and the second largest oil exporter in the world.

The Russian economy, which experienced the 1998 financial crisis, is like a phoenix reborn from the ashes. In the recent international credit rating, it was rated as investment grade by Standard & Poor's, a famous securities research institution. The rise in oil and gas prices has undoubtedly put wings on the Russian economy. The exploitation and production of these two industrial veins control one-fifth of the national output today, creating 50% of the export trade output value and 40% of the national income.