Question 2: What is the basic meaning of agricultural mechanization? Agricultural mechanization refers to the process of equipping agriculture with advanced and applicable agricultural machinery, improving agricultural production and operation conditions, and constantly improving agricultural production technology level and economic and ecological benefits. The agricultural sector maximizes the use of various machinery instead of hand tools for production. One of the basic contents of agricultural modernization. Such as tractors, seeders, harvesters, power irrigation and drainage machines, motor vehicles, etc. Used to perform various operations, such as land cultivation, sowing, harvesting, irrigation, field management, transportation, etc. So that the whole production process mainly depends on mechanical power and electricity, not human and animal power. Realizing agricultural mechanization can save labor, reduce labor intensity, improve agricultural labor productivity and enhance the ability to overcome natural disasters.
Question 3: Background and research significance of agricultural machinery development. Agricultural mechanization is an important material and technical basis of modern agriculture and an important content and symbol of agricultural modernization. Accelerating the development of agricultural mechanization is not only an important measure to improve farmers' production and living conditions, but also an important measure to improve agricultural labor productivity. This is of great significance for building a new socialist countryside and promoting the comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable development of agriculture and rural economy. Agricultural mechanization has entered a stage of rapid development. To develop agricultural mechanization, we must vigorously develop agricultural machinery socialized service organizations, and the best organizational form is to establish agricultural machinery economic cooperation organizations. (1) is conducive to improving the use efficiency of agricultural machinery and tools, improving work efficiency, and greatly shortening the operation time of "Three Summers" and "Sanqiu". (two) is conducive to accelerating the promotion of new agricultural machinery and technology, improve the level of agricultural mechanization equipment. (3) It is beneficial to improve the degree of organization. Through the integration of machinery, capital, technology and talents, the paid use of agricultural machinery is reasonably adjusted, which plays the role of integrating agricultural production factors, solves the problems that agricultural machinery departments can not contract, village collectives can not be unified, and one household can not work, meets the different needs of farmers for agricultural machinery, improves the utilization rate of agricultural machinery and promotes the development of agricultural mechanization. (4) It is conducive to breaking the consciousness of small farmers and enhancing the spirit of unity and cooperation among members. With the unified scheduling arrangement and unified charging standard of cooperative organizations, we can ensure the quality of work and avoid disorderly competition.
Question 4: What role does agricultural mechanization play in agriculture? In recent years, under the encouragement and pull of the national agricultural machinery purchase subsidy policy, farmers' enthusiasm for purchasing machines for farming has been further mobilized. All kinds of agricultural machinery have mushroomed and entered thousands of households in rural areas. In rural areas, there has been a modern agricultural production mode of "iron ox plowing, rice seedlings not bending, cloth bag mowing, shovel ditching, and only oil and electricity pumping to fight drought". Agricultural machinery farming improves the agricultural production environment, reduces the labor intensity of farmers, improves the productivity and land output rate, and achieves the purposes of increasing agricultural efficiency, increasing grain production and increasing farmers' income. While seeing the achievements, we should also see the development and use of agricultural mechanization, the energy consumption of agricultural machinery increases, and environmental pollution also occurs. In particular, the education level of peasant manipulators is different. Some farmers just left the "three handles" (plough handle, hoe handle, sickle handle) yesterday, and today they become agricultural mechanization hands. They lack technical knowledge of agricultural machinery and are not clear about the importance of energy saving and emission reduction of agricultural mechanization. High energy consumption in operation wastes oil and pollutes water, land and crops. At the same time, the exhaust gas from agricultural machinery also pollutes the air. Energy waste, waste gas emission and environmental pollution are harmful to people's health and are not conducive to building a resource-saving society; An environment-friendly society. Therefore, * * * and relevant departments should pay attention to it, and from now on, do a good job in energy conservation and emission reduction of agricultural mechanization to reduce environmental pollution. Don't wait until the energy consumption of agricultural machinery is high, the oil waste is serious, the environmental pollution is deteriorating, and people's health and life safety are endangered, and then take measures to make up for it. At this time, the cost and price may be even greater.
First, several manifestations of high oil consumption and serious waste of agricultural machinery
Agricultural machinery oil mainly refers to diesel oil, gasoline, engine oil, hydraulic oil, gear oil, butter and so on.
(1) Waste of diesel oil
1, overflow. Some agricultural hand refuels at will. It is better to add more than less, which causes the oil in the engine tank to overflow when it is full. Some sprinkle 0.2-0.5 kg at a time. How much diesel oil will be wasted if all agricultural machinery hands are like this!
2. Leak. According to the investigation in rural areas, it is found that about 20% of agricultural machinery such as diesel engines, cultivators, tractors and harvesters have oil leakage. Some fuel tank switches leak oil; Have a plenty of tubing aging, tubing joint, gasket oil leakage; Have a plenty of tubing rupture and oil leakage. Some agricultural machinery operators think that it doesn't matter much to leak a few drops of oil; Some people still think that oil leakage is their own business anyway, and it has nothing to do with others. They ignored it for years, but it's a big number. According to the test, if oil leaks 9 drops per minute, 24 hours a day, it will leak 1.08 kg (12000 drops is 1 kg). One diesel engine, ten diesel engines and one hundred diesel engines. ................................................................................................................................................................
Step 3 wash. When maintaining agricultural machinery such as diesel engines, cultivators, tractors and harvesters, it is necessary to clean spare parts. Each tractor needs about 15-25 kilograms of diesel oil a year. If you use metal cleaning agent or washing powder to clean (but diesel is still used to clean precision parts). In this way, replacing oil with "water" can save a lot of diesel oil.
4, the maintenance is not timely, the technical condition of agricultural machinery is poor, and the oil consumption increases. According to the survey, some agricultural machinery operators do not maintain agricultural machinery in time according to the operating instructions of agricultural machinery, and the technical condition of agricultural machinery is poor, which makes the "live machine" become a "crash"; Turn "good opportunity" into "pathogenesis" and increase fuel consumption. For example, if the air filter is not maintained in time, the air cannot enter the cylinder smoothly, and the fuel consumption per horsepower hour of the diesel engine increases by about 1.7%.
5. The technical level of agricultural machinery operators is low and the oil consumption of agricultural machinery is high.
Some agricultural machinery operators are not skilled in agricultural machinery operation technology and consume a lot of oil in agricultural machinery operation. For example, when operating a tractor, the agricultural manipulator does not use the method of low-speed starting and accelerating, and consumes about 15 ml of engine oil every time it starts. But a tractor has to be started several times a day, and it will consume more oil a day. For example, when operating the harvester, the agricultural hand does not master the operation method skillfully, and there are many empty cars, many turns and many reversals, so how much more diesel will be consumed!
6. Agricultural machinery has been in service for a long time. According to the statistics of the annual report, the number of agricultural machinery is increasing year by year, but the number of agricultural machinery in the retirement period is increasing instead of decreasing, and it continues to be "in service". These extended "service" agricultural machinery are in poor technical condition and have high oil consumption, some of which exceed 20%. It is understood that 15%-25% of agricultural machinery has been "in service" for an extended period, so how much more oil will be consumed!
(2) Oil fluctuation >>
Question 5: What role has the Regulation on the Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization played in encouraging and supporting farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to use advanced and applicable agricultural machinery, promoting agricultural mechanization and building modern agriculture? On June 25th, 2004, the 10th meeting of the Standing Committee of the 10th NPC passed the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization, which consists of eight chapters and 35 articles and came into force on June 25th, 2004. DecreeNo. 16 of the President of the People's Republic of China "Law of the People's Republic of China on the Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization" was adopted at the 10th meeting of the 10th NPC Standing Committee in People's Republic of China (PRC) on June 25th, 2004, and is hereby promulgated and shall come into force as of June 1 1 2004. On June 25th, 2004, President Hu Jintao of People's Republic of China (PRC) passed the Law of the People's Republic of China on the Promotion of Agricultural Mechanization. On June 25, 2004, the tenth meeting of the Standing Committee of the Tenth NPC adopted the Catalogue. Chapter I General Provisions, Chapter II Scientific Research and Development, Chapter III Quality Assurance, Chapter IV Popularization and Use of Socialized Services, Chapter VI Supporting Measures, Chapter VII Legal Liability and Chapter VIII Supplementary Provisions [1]. Chapter I General Provisions Article 1 This Law is formulated to encourage and support farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to use advanced and applicable agricultural machinery, promote agricultural mechanization and build modern agriculture. Article 2 The term "agricultural mechanization" as mentioned in this Law refers to the process of equipping agriculture with advanced and applicable agricultural machinery, improving agricultural production and operation conditions, and constantly improving agricultural production technology level and economic and ecological benefits. Agricultural machinery mentioned in this Law refers to machinery and equipment used in agricultural production and primary processing of its products and other related agricultural activities. Article 3 The people's governments at or above the county level shall incorporate the promotion of agricultural mechanization into the national economic and social development plan, take financial support measures, implement the preferential tax policies and financial support stipulated by the state, gradually increase the capital investment in agricultural mechanization, give full play to the role of the market mechanism, and promote the development of agricultural mechanization in accordance with the principles of adapting measures to local conditions, being economical and effective, ensuring safety and protecting the environment. Article 4 The state guides and supports farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to independently choose advanced and applicable agricultural machinery. No unit or individual may force farmers and agricultural production and operation organizations to purchase agricultural machinery products designated by them. Article 5 The State shall take measures to publicize and educate the scientific and technical knowledge of agricultural mechanization, train professionals in agricultural mechanization, promote information service of agricultural mechanization and improve the level of agricultural mechanization. Sixth the State Council agricultural administrative departments and other departments responsible for agricultural mechanization shall, in accordance with their respective responsibilities, cooperate closely and do a good job in promoting agricultural mechanization. The competent departments of agricultural mechanization of the local people's governments at or above the county level and other relevant departments shall, in accordance with their respective functions and duties, cooperate closely and jointly promote the work of agricultural mechanization within their respective administrative areas. Chapter II Scientific Research and Development Article 7 People's governments at or above the provincial level and their relevant departments shall organize relevant units to take technical measures such as tackling key problems, experiments and demonstrations, so as to promote the basic, key and public welfare scientific research of agricultural machinery and the popularization and application of advanced and applicable agricultural machinery. Article 8 The state supports relevant scientific research institutions and institutions of higher learning to strengthen scientific and technological research on agricultural mechanization, and research and develop advanced and applicable agricultural machinery according to different agricultural production conditions and farmers' needs; Support the combination of scientific research, teaching, production and popularization of agricultural machinery, and promote agricultural machinery to meet the requirements of agricultural production technology development. Article 9 The state supports producers of agricultural machinery to develop advanced and applicable agricultural machinery, adopt advanced technologies, advanced processes and advanced materials, improve the quality and technical level of agricultural machinery products, reduce production costs, and provide agricultural machinery products that are serialized, standardized, multifunctional, high-quality, energy-saving and reasonable in price. Article 10 The State supports the introduction and utilization of advanced agricultural machinery, key parts and technologies, and encourages the introduction of foreign capital to engage in research, development, production and operation of agricultural machinery. Chapter III Quality Assurance Article 11 The State strengthens the construction of the standard system of agricultural mechanization, and formulates and improves the quality standards of agricultural machinery products, maintenance and operation. Technical requirements for agricultural machinery products involving personal safety, quality and safety of agricultural products and environmental protection shall be formulated in accordance with the provisions of relevant laws and administrative regulations. Twelfth product quality supervision departments shall organize supervision and spot checks on the quality of agricultural machinery products according to law. The administrative department for industry and commerce shall strengthen the supervision and management of agricultural machinery products market according to law. According to the complaints of users of agricultural machinery and the actual needs of agricultural production, the agricultural administrative department of the State Council and the provincial agricultural mechanization department can organize the inspection of agricultural machinery in use ...
Question 6: What role does agricultural mechanization play in China's agricultural production and rural economic life? Agricultural mechanization is a sign of improving agricultural productivity, a concrete embodiment of agricultural modernization and an important condition for improving and developing rural economy.
Question 7: How to play the role of agricultural mechanization in the adjustment of planting structure is affected by the output and demand of the year. The cost of corn and other crops abroad is low, so is the income. Vegetables and cash crops, low prices, high prices and low prices, low-income soybeans
Question 8: Why do you want to develop the electromechanical industry of agricultural machinery? What are the benefits to the development of agricultural mechanization? Since solving the problem of agriculture, countryside and farmers, farmers have enjoyed the subsidies from the state to buy machinery. This has promoted the development of agricultural machinery to some extent. It has brought some business opportunities to some people who invest in agricultural machinery. It also brings a better industry environment to employees engaged in this industry.