From the positive effects, economic globalization has effectively utilized resources from all over the world, provided more development opportunities for countries, and greatly enriched and facilitated people's daily lives.
In terms of negative effects, the economic globalization led by western developed countries has caused problems such as the contradiction between the North and the South, the polarization between the rich and the poor, and the deterioration of the environment, which has triggered a global economic and financial ecological crisis and threatened the survival of mankind. Developing countries are in a very disadvantageous position, and their national security and economic security are facing challenges.
(2) Attitude: ① Economic globalization is the requirement of productivity development, the inevitable result of social and economic development and an unchangeable historical trend. Therefore, opposing globalization is incorrect and useless.
There is no way out for developing countries to seize the opportunity of globalization and actively participate in the process of globalization.
(3) Developing countries should fully understand the risks and security problems brought about by globalization, actively take various measures to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, strive to establish a fair and reasonable new international economic and political order, and strive to adjust the rules of international economic operation in favor of developing countries.
Question 2: How to understand economic globalization? Economic globalization refers to the global organic economy as a whole formed by foreign trade, capital flow, technology transfer, service provision, interdependence and interconnection. Economic globalization is one of the important characteristics of the contemporary world economy and an important trend of world economic development. The process of economic globalization has begun, especially since 1980s, especially since 1990s, the process of world economic globalization has been greatly accelerated. Economic globalization is conducive to the rational allocation of resources and production factors in the world, the global flow of capital and products, the global expansion of science and technology, the economic development of underdeveloped areas, the performance of human development and progress, and the inevitable result of world economic development. But it is a double-edged sword for every country, which is both an opportunity and a challenge. Especially for developing countries with weak economic strength and relatively backward technology, the risks and challenges will be more severe in the face of fierce global competition. At present, the urgent problem to be solved in economic globalization is to establish a fair and reasonable new economic order to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of competition.
Economic globalization refers to the globalization of trade, investment, finance, production and other activities, that is, the best coordination of survival factors on a global scale. Fundamentally speaking, it is the product of highly developed productive forces and international division of labor, which requires further crossing the boundaries between countries and nations.
Since entering the 2 1 century, economic globalization and the in-depth development of multinational corporations have not only brought great impetus to world trade, but also brought many uncertain factors to the economic and trade of various countries, resulting in many new features and new contradictions. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study and understand this problem.
First, the proposal and development of economic globalization
(A) the meaning of economic globalization Economic globalization appeared in the mid-1980s and was recognized in the 1990s, but there is no unified concept at present. In a report published in May 1997, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) pointed out that "economic globalization refers to the increase in the scale and form of transnational trade in goods and services and capital flows, and the extensive and rapid spread of technology has enhanced the interdependence of the economies of all countries in the world". The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes that "economic globalization can be regarded as a process, in which economy, market, technology and communication forms are becoming more and more globalized, while nationality and locality are decreasing".
Therefore, economic globalization can be understood from three aspects: first, the strengthening of economic ties and the increase of interdependence among countries in the world; Second, the domestic economic rules of various countries are constantly becoming consistent; Third, the international economic coordination mechanism has been strengthened, that is, various multilateral or regional organizations are playing an increasingly important role in coordinating and restricting the world economy.
Generally speaking, economic globalization refers to the process of realizing market division, cooperation and mutual integration among countries through division of labor, trade, investment, multinational companies and factor flow, based on market economy, with advanced technology and productivity as the means and developed countries as the leading factor.
(B) the carrier of economic globalization
1. Trade liberalization. With the accelerated development of global trade in goods, services and technology, economic globalization has promoted the formation of a multilateral trading system in the world, thus accelerating the growth of international trade, promoting the development of global trade liberalization, and enabling members joining the WTO to regulate their behavior with unified international norms.
2. Internationalization of production. As the fundamental driving force for the development of human society, productivity has greatly promoted the expansion of the world market. The scientific and technological revolution marked by the Internet has narrowed the time and space distance between countries, promoted the great changes in the world trade pattern and promoted the transnational flow of production factors. It not only puts forward the inherent requirements for production beyond national boundaries, but also prepares conditions for global production, which is the fundamental driving force of economic globalization.
3. Financial globalization, worldwide network of financial institutions, and a large number of financial businesses are carried out across borders, forming a system of transnational loans, transnational securities issuance and transnational mergers and acquisitions. The world's major financial markets are interconnected in time and linked in price, and trillions of dollars can be traded in a few seconds, especially the foreign exchange market has become the most liquid all-weather market in the world.
4. Globalization of science and technology. It refers to the optimal allocation of scientific and technological resources in various countries on a global scale, which is the latest expansion and rapid progress of economic globalization. It is manifested in the large-scale cross-border transfer of advanced technology and R&D capabilities, and extensive cross-border joint R&D ... with information technology industry as the code ... > >
Question 3: How do you view the advantages and disadvantages of economic globalization for China? The trend of economic globalization is a double-edged sword. On the one hand, it may accelerate the free flow and optimal allocation of production factors around the world; On the other hand, the economic globalization led by western developed countries will inevitably expand the internal contradictions of capitalism to the whole world, causing serious problems such as polarization between the rich and the poor and environmental degradation. Opportunities in the trend of economic globalization 1. 1 Economic globalization at least provides us with the following opportunities: (1) Realize the intercommunication of production factors. China has accumulated a lot of successful experiences in this respect, and benefited greatly from the use of international capital, experience, talents and technology. (2) Reduce the cost of learning management experience. Multinational companies will inevitably bring their management experience while grabbing profits, and we will have more opportunities to learn from management and innovate in learning. (3) It is conducive to giving play to comparative advantages and opening up the international market. 1.2 Crisis opportunities and challenges coexist. In the trend of economic globalization, opportunities and challenges coexist. The crisis in the trend of economic globalization is mainly manifested in the following aspects: (1) With the deepening of economic globalization, international economic turmoil will become the norm. The turbulence and ripple effect of the international economy will make any single country and international organization in a weak position in the confrontation with market forces. International economic security and the economic security of developing countries will be seriously threatened. (2) Economic globalization may further aggravate polarization. Globalization is not the world's great harmony, but full of fierce contradictions and struggles among great powers and among great powers. The 20th century witnessed unprecedented prosperity of the world economy and the biggest gap between the rich and the poor. The 1990s witnessed the fastest development of economic globalization, and the gap between North and South continued to widen. According to the statistics of the World Bank, the income of low-income countries, which account for more than half of the world's population, accounts for only 6% of the world's total income. In addition, many developing countries are still in "information poverty" and may be deprived of opportunities to participate in scientific and technological progress and achieve economic growth, which will further aggravate the polarization between the two levels. (3) A strong economy can easily lead to economic hegemony and cultural hegemony. At present, developed countries not only control the existing international institutions, including the World Trade Organization, but also are the main makers of international rules of economic globalization, which is very unfavorable to developing countries. Some economically developed countries often threaten economic sanctions, causing great economic difficulties to developing countries that do not obey their commands, and even putting some countries' industries in a desperate situation. In the international competition of economic globalization, high-tech industries occupy an important position, but developing countries cannot participate in the competition on an equal footing because of the objective gap in scientific and technological level. Developing countries are also facing the danger that their outstanding talents will be taken away by multinational companies. Moreover, developed countries also export values in order to fundamentally establish long-term competitive advantages, promote their so-called cultural globalization and establish cultural hegemony. 2 The influence of economic globalization on different types of countries Because of the great differences in natural resources, productivity, scientific and technological level, political and economic system, national culture and other aspects among countries in the world, as well as the role of the unbalanced law of capitalist economic and political development, economic globalization will have different effects on different types of countries. 2. 1 The influence of economic globalization on developed countries. Western developed countries are the leaders of economic globalization and can occupy the advantages and interests of economic globalization in the process of economic globalization. Developed countries have mastered the most advanced productive forces and high-tech science and technology in the world and are in an advantageous position in the global division of labor system. Developed countries have mastered the information technology foundation on which economic globalization depends, and the world R&D investment, scientific and technological strength and achievements are mainly concentrated in developed countries. It is by taking advantage of their rich advantages in capital, technology, information and talents that developed countries concentrate on developing high-tech industries with high technology and information content, and transfer traditional industries and generally mature industries to developing countries. Multinational companies in developed countries are the important driving force of economic globalization and the main carrier to realize the global flow of production factors and the optimal allocation of resources. At present, the world's largest multinational company still dominates the global economic situation. Of the 65,438,000 largest multinational companies in the world, only five are from developing countries. Developed countries further develop their highly developed intensive economy through the global alliance, merger and expansion of multinational companies, so that their products are always in the leading position in the world. 2.2 The trend of economic globalization is opposite ... >>
Question 4: How should we treat the impact of economic globalization? Economic globalization is a double-edged sword. Enthusiasm: Economic globalization is the result of the development of productive forces, which has accelerated the development and prosperity of the world economy. Negative: 1. It aggravates the imbalance of interests in global competition and widens the gap between developed and developing countries. 2. Developed countries have become the biggest beneficiaries of economic globalization, while developing countries are at a disadvantage and passive position. Environmental pollution, energy crisis and food shortage have affected the fundamental interests of all mankind. In addition, the impact of economic globalization on developing countries is also an opportunity where opportunities and challenges coexist: 1, which is conducive to attracting foreign investment, technology and management experience; 2. It is conducive to participating in international division of labor and cooperation. Participate in international competitions. Adjust the industrial structure. The challenge of improving international status: 1. National and economic security is facing unprecedented pressures and challenges. Developed countries transfer polluting enterprises to developing countries to destroy the ecological environment. In the increasingly severe international economic environment, developed countries use financial capital and technological advantages to oppress and exploit developing countries.
Question 5: How should China deal with economic globalization? Economic globalization is an inevitable trend of world economic development, and no country can avoid it. China should unswervingly implement the policy of opening to the outside world, adapt to the trend of economic globalization, actively participate in international economic cooperation and competition, and make full use of various favorable conditions and opportunities brought about by economic globalization; At the same time, we should clearly understand the risks brought by economic globalization, adhere to the principle of independence, strengthen preventive work, enhance our ability to resist and resolve, earnestly safeguard China's economic security, and better develop ourselves. China argues that China needs a win-win globalization for all countries in the world, and all countries should be the beneficiaries of globalization.
Question 6: How do you view the further development of the trend of economic globalization? The globalization of world economy is the requirement and result of the development of world productive forces, and it is a historical trend that is independent of human will. Its outstanding performance is in the development of international trade, international investment, international finance and multinational corporations. In today's world economic development trend, as a developing country, how China should face opportunities and challenges has become a topic of common concern for economic development in the new period. Judging from the historical facts that China has joined the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the World Trade Organization and strengthened its ties with ASEAN, our attitude is: on the premise of independence and self-reliance, we have a "win-win" thinking and an open mind, strengthen international cooperation and exchanges, participate in international competition, seize opportunities and accept challenges, and in international competition and cooperation, we will improve our economic development level and conform to the world development trend. To sum up, it is to treat the economic phenomenon of the world economic development trend dialectically and establish a correct concept of development.
The concept of globalization
In a report published in May 1997, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) pointed out that "economic globalization refers to the increase in the scale and form of transnational trade in goods and services and capital flows, and the extensive and rapid spread of technology has enhanced the interdependence of the economies of all countries in the world". The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes that "economic globalization can be regarded as a process, in which economy, market, technology and communication forms are becoming more and more globalized, while nationality and locality are decreasing". Therefore, economic globalization can be understood from three aspects: first, the strengthening of economic ties and the increase of interdependence among countries in the world; Second, the domestic economic rules of various countries are constantly becoming consistent; Third, the international economic coordination mechanism has been strengthened, that is, various multilateral or regional organizations are playing an increasingly important role in coordinating and restricting the world economy. Generally speaking, economic globalization refers to the process of realizing market division, cooperation and mutual integration among countries through division of labor, trade, investment, multinational companies and factor flow, based on market economy, with advanced technology and productivity as the means and developed countries as the leading factor.
The development trend of current economic globalization
Historically, there have been four waves of economic globalization in the world in the past 2000 years. The development of this wave of economic globalization has new characteristics. First of all, the global allocation of production factors continues to develop at an unprecedented speed and scale. Especially in recent years, the proportion of world merchandise exports to global GDP has exceeded 20%, and the proportion of international direct investment to global GDP is 2 1%. In 2003, these two figures were 8% and 5% respectively. With the gradual integration of emerging market economies such as China, Indian, former Soviet Union countries and Eastern European countries into the global economic system, the scale of economic globalization is expanding unprecedentedly. Second, the division of labor and capital flow between developed and emerging economies have broken through the pattern of "center" and "periphery". In the past, developed countries exported manufactured goods in exchange for bulk primary products, but now emerging market economies have the ability to produce and export manufactured goods, including high technology. More importantly, major changes have taken place in international capital flows. /kloc-in the 0/9th century, Britain, the world's largest economy, had a current account surplus and exported capital, while the United States, the world's largest economy today, had a huge current account deficit and imported capital from emerging economies. Third, the international capital market is more mature. At present, the total amount of global capital flows is expanding and the forms of capital flows are also increasing. In the past, international securities investment was mainly concentrated in a few areas, such as infrastructure financing and bond purchase. Now investors have derivative financial products such as bonds and stocks, involving many departments; Fourth, the global production process layout of multinational companies has reached a new level. The progress and application of high-tech not only enable enterprises in developed countries to transfer their manufacturing processes overseas, but also outsource some business processes of service industries to developing countries to reduce operating costs. Service outsourcing expands the scope of exchangeable services, thus promoting the development of service trade.
The trend of economic globalization will not be reversed, mainly due to three factors: scientific and technological progress, the implementation of the open policy and the integration of emerging market economies into the world economic system. The direct result of scientific and technological progress is that the cost of transportation and communication has been greatly reduced. The improvement of shipping and water transport technology and the wide application of communication, computer and network technology not only further reduce the cost of transportation and communication, but also improve the management of global supply chain and accelerate the global flow of production factors such as goods, capital, technology and personnel. The direct result of more and more countries' opening-up policy is the improvement of global economic liberalization. Founded at the beginning of World War II ... >>
Question 7: How to understand economic globalization? Economic globalization refers to the global organic economy as a whole formed by international trade, capital flow, technology transfer and service provision. Economic globalization is one of the important characteristics of the contemporary world economy and an important trend of world economic development. The process of economic globalization has begun, especially since 1980s, especially since 1990s, the process of world economic globalization has been greatly accelerated. Economic globalization is conducive to the rational allocation of resources and production factors in the world, the global flow of capital and products, the global expansion of science and technology, the economic development of underdeveloped areas, the performance of human development and progress, and the inevitable result of world economic development. But it is a double-edged sword for every country, which is both an opportunity and a challenge. Especially for developing countries with weak economic strength and relatively backward technology, the risks and challenges will be more severe in the face of fierce global competition. At present, the urgent problem to be solved in economic globalization is to establish a fair and reasonable new economic order to ensure the fairness and effectiveness of competition.
Economic globalization refers to the globalization of trade, investment, finance, production and other activities, that is, the best coordination of survival factors on a global scale. Fundamentally speaking, it is the product of highly developed productive forces and international division of labor, which requires further crossing the boundaries between countries and nations.
Since entering the 2 1 century, economic globalization and the in-depth development of multinational corporations have not only brought great impetus to world trade, but also brought many uncertain factors to the economic and trade of various countries, resulting in many new features and new contradictions. Therefore, it is of practical significance to study and understand this problem.
First, the proposal and development of economic globalization
(A) the meaning of economic globalization Economic globalization appeared in the mid-1980s and was recognized in the 1990s, but there is no unified concept at present. In a report published in May 1997, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) pointed out that "economic globalization refers to the increase in the scale and form of transnational trade in goods and services and capital flows, and the extensive and rapid spread of technology has enhanced the interdependence of the economies of all countries in the world". The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) believes that "economic globalization can be regarded as a process, in which economy, market, technology and communication forms are becoming more and more globalized, while nationality and locality are decreasing".
Therefore, economic globalization can be understood from three aspects: first, the strengthening of economic ties and the increase of interdependence among countries in the world; Second, the domestic economic rules of various countries are constantly becoming consistent; Third, the international economic coordination mechanism has been strengthened, that is, various multilateral or regional organizations are playing an increasingly important role in coordinating and restricting the world economy.
Generally speaking, economic globalization refers to the process of realizing market division, cooperation and mutual integration among countries through division of labor, trade, investment, multinational companies and factor flow, based on market economy, with advanced technology and productivity as the means and developed countries as the leading factor.
(B) the carrier of economic globalization
1. Trade liberalization. With the accelerated development of global trade in goods, services and technology, economic globalization has promoted the formation of a multilateral trading system in the world, thus accelerating the growth of international trade, promoting the development of global trade liberalization, and enabling members joining the WTO to regulate their behavior with unified international norms.
2. Internationalization of production. As the fundamental driving force for the development of human society, productivity has greatly promoted the expansion of the world market. The scientific and technological revolution marked by the Internet has narrowed the time and space distance between countries, promoted the great changes in the world trade pattern and promoted the transnational flow of production factors. It not only puts forward the inherent requirements for production beyond national boundaries, but also prepares conditions for global production, which is the fundamental driving force of economic globalization.
3. Financial globalization, worldwide network of financial institutions, and a large number of financial businesses are carried out across borders, forming a system of transnational loans, transnational securities issuance and transnational mergers and acquisitions. The world's major financial markets are interconnected in time and linked in price, and trillions of dollars can be traded in a few seconds, especially the foreign exchange market has become the most liquid all-weather market in the world.
4. Globalization of science and technology. It refers to the optimal allocation of scientific and technological resources in various countries on a global scale, which is the latest expansion and rapid progress of economic globalization. It is manifested in the large-scale cross-border transfer of advanced technology and R&D capabilities, and extensive cross-border joint R&D ... with information technology industry as the code ... > >
Question 8: How to treat economic globalization correctly (1) The reason why economic globalization is a double-edged sword is that its positive effects and negative effects coexist, but generally speaking, the positive effects are greater than the negative effects.
From the positive effects, economic globalization has effectively utilized resources from all over the world, provided more development opportunities for countries, and greatly enriched and facilitated people's daily lives.
In terms of negative effects, the economic globalization led by western developed countries has caused problems such as the contradiction between the North and the South, the polarization between the rich and the poor, and the deterioration of the environment, which has triggered a global economic and financial ecological crisis and threatened the survival of mankind. Developing countries are in a very disadvantageous position, and their national security and economic security are facing challenges.
(2) Attitude: ① Economic globalization is the requirement of productivity development, the inevitable result of social and economic development and an unchangeable historical trend. Therefore, opposing globalization is incorrect and useless.
There is no way out for developing countries to seize the opportunity of globalization and actively participate in the process of globalization.
(3) Developing countries should fully understand the risks and security problems brought about by globalization, actively take various measures to seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, strive to establish a fair and reasonable new international economic and political order, and strive to adjust the rules of international economic operation in favor of developing countries.
Question 9: How should China deal with economic globalization? Economic globalization is an inevitable trend of world economic development, and no country can avoid it. China should unswervingly implement the policy of opening to the outside world, adapt to the trend of economic globalization, actively participate in international economic cooperation and competition, and make full use of various favorable conditions and opportunities brought about by economic globalization; At the same time, we should clearly understand the risks brought by economic globalization, adhere to the principle of independence, strengthen preventive work, enhance our ability to resist and resolve, earnestly safeguard China's economic security, and better develop ourselves. China argues that China needs a win-win globalization for all countries in the world, and all countries should be the beneficiaries of globalization.
Question 10: How to treat the advantages and disadvantages of economic globalization;
1. Economic globalization has accelerated the socialization and internationalization of production and greatly promoted the development of social productive forces.
2. It provides favorable conditions for China to give full play to its own advantages, actively participate in international division of labor and cooperation, adjust and optimize industrial structure, and achieve economic development goals.
3. Economic globalization has enabled us to have a more comprehensive and extensive understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of various economic systems and different market economic models in the world, thus providing more reference and choices for China's economic system reform.
4. Economic globalization is beneficial for China to make use of international and domestic markets and resources to promote the development and growth of China enterprises in the world.
5. It is conducive to the opening and development of China.
The adverse effects of economic globalization on China;
1. has aggravated the turmoil and instability of the world economy, further widened the imbalance of world economic development and widened the gap between rich and poor countries.
2. Make our country in a more complicated and changeable competitive environment.
3. Increasing the possibility of economic turmoil in China may pose a potential threat to China's economic security.
4. China is facing a severe test of how to resist western cultural hegemonism.