Cen Zhongmian

( 1886~ 196 1)

[] China historian. Scientific name Shu Ming, the word Zhong Mian, alias Rumao. A native of Shunde County, Guangdong Province. 1886 was born in September. When I was young, I entered two schools (Qingguangya Academy, later changed to Guangdong and Guangxi Higher Education School), studied for two and a half years, and was admitted to the preparatory department of Guangdong and Guangxi (Qingyuexiu Academy). 1908 10 entered Beijing Higher Taxation College, 19 12 graduated 12. Later, he worked as a staff member in Shanghai Jiang Customs and Guangdong Finance Department, and engaged in textual research on plant names and Chinese and foreign history in his spare time. 1July, 934 to1June, 935, he served as secretary and clerical director of Shanghai Jinan University, and wrote an amateur textual research on The Buddha's Travels to Tianzhu, which was published by Shanghai Commercial Press 1934, thus causing Sacred Heart 1933 to/kloc-0. 1937 was recommended by Chen Yuan to the Institute of History and Language of Academia Sinica. From July of the same year to1June of 948, he served as a full-time researcher of the institute. 1July 1948 to1July 19961July 1998, he was a professor in the history department of Sun Yat-sen University, and successively took courses such as History of Sui and Tang Dynasties, Selected Readings of Stone Carvings in Tang Dynasty, Western Learning in Han Dynasty, Early History of Mongolia and History of Sui and Tang Dynasties. He used to be a member of Guangdong Provincial Political Consultative Conference. 196 1 year1year died in Guangzhou.

Cen's hometown, Shunde, is the hometown of a famous historian in northwest China in Qing Dynasty, and his scholarship was deeply influenced by the Northwest School of History and Geography in Qing Dynasty. Cen took the authors of Waterway Records of the Western Regions, Supplementary Notes on the Biography of the Western Regions in Han Dynasty, Deng Kekao and other books as pioneers, and he has two works, namely, A Geographical Examination of the Western Regions in Han Dynasty and Deng Kekao. Cen Zhongmian was also influenced by Lao Ge, a Tang Shi scholar who died young in the Qing Dynasty. His works, A New Description of the Title of Langguan Stone Pillar, A New Textual Research on the Title of Langguan Stone Pillar, Notes on Continuing Brother's Reading the Whole Tang Dynasty, and Notes on the Four Schools of Yuanhe Surnames, all carry forward brother's unfinished business, but they have surpassed it in breadth.

Cen's most important academic achievement is to study history with epitaphs, as well as the epitaphs and postscript of epitaphs of Qing dynasty, and to describe many special meanings such as primary school, epitaph and calligraphy. Cen made use of inscriptions to research historical facts, corrected the mistakes of epigraphers in Qing Dynasty who believed in stone carvings and favored historical facts, and objectively demonstrated the value of inscriptions. In addition to the study of Langguan stone pillars, from 1936 to 1942, he wrote the History of Stone Inscriptions, the History of Zhen Shi Inscriptions and the History of Zhen Shi Inscriptions, which were later included in the Collection of Stone Inscriptions, which was published by Shanghai Ancient Books Publishing House on 198 1.

In the research on the collation and interpretation of the History of Sui and Tang Dynasties, the Epitaph of Mr. Bai Juyi Zuiyin has been widely praised by scholars at home and abroad, and together with Bai Changqing's collection of false articles, Bai Changqing's collection of origin and development, and Dongfang Baiji's comments, it has made important contributions to the collation of Bai Juyi's collections. Tracing back to the source, it is pointed out that Yuan He Shi Bian is a New Tang Book. The historical origin of the prime minister's lineage table is an important discovery. In the textual research of the on-the-job official system, Notes and Supplements on the Wall Records of Hanlin Bachelor and Two Supplementary Records of Hanlin in Tang Dynasty are the works of Mai Chao Qing Dynasty. In the aspect of geographical textual research, The Preface to New Quan Zhi discusses the right and wrong of collation. The monographs in this field include Seeking Truth from Sui Shu in 1950s and 1960s, Tang Shi Review, Questioning the Comparison between Sui and Tang Dynasties, and Travels of Tang People, etc. Hanshu Hanshu Hanshu Hanshu Hanshu Hanshu Hanshu Hanshu Hanshu is the first book that is very beneficial to the literary history and biography of the Tang Dynasty.

Cen's History of Sui and Tang Dynasties (1950 ~ 1953) reflects the author's unique views in A General Introduction to Sui and Tang Dynasties. For example, the study of Li Deyu, Chen Ziang and Sizhen is full of new ideas. In addition, in his later years, he also wrote History of the Yellow River Changes, Research on the System of Officers and Soldiers, Social System Problems of the Western Zhou Dynasty, Two-week History Series, Notes on Mozi's Guarding the City, etc. These monographs reflect the author's extensive interest in the history since the Western Zhou Dynasty and even the history of the Yellow River.

In the study of Chinese and foreign history, especially northwest history, there are publications such as Filling and Textual Research of Western Turkic Historical Materials, Collection of Turkic History and Textual Research of Chinese and Foreign History. In the search and compilation of Turkic historical materials, it has been praised by scholars at home and abroad. During more than 30 years from 40 to 75, Cen wrote about10 million words of historical works. Up to now, 19 12 has published more than 80 papers, including 8 monographs and 2 monographs.

Gu Jiegang

( 1893~ 1980)

[] China's historian was originally named Yong Kun, and his word is Ming Jian. The pen names are No Regret, God Bless, Zhang Jiu, Chengwu, Guijiangyuan,, Laoyu, Kang Erdian, Zhou, etc. People from Suzhou, Jiangsu. 1893 was born on May 8th (March 23rd, 19th year of Guangxu) in a scholarly family. I received a good family education since I was a child. 19 13 was admitted to the national preparatory college of Peking university, 19 16 was admitted to the undergraduate course of philosophy in China, 1920 graduated and stayed in school, doing book cataloging in the name of teaching assistant. From 65438 to 0922, he was the editor of Shanghai Commercial Press, co-edited the national history textbook with Wang Zhongqi (Xiang Bo) and the Mandarin textbook with Ye Shengtao. From 65438 to 0924, he returned to Peking University and served as a teaching assistant of Chinese studies in the Institute. He successively edited Chinese Studies Quarterly, Ballad Weekly and Peking University Institute Chinese Studies Weekly. 1926, professor of Xiamen, Zhongshan, Yanjing, Beijing, Yunnan, Qilu, Huazhong, Fudan, Lanzhou, Aurora and other universities, Chengwen College and Shanghai College, director of Institute of Language History of Sun Yat-sen University, director of cheeloo university China Institute and academician of Academia Sinica.

Gu Jiegang is the founder of the school of "distinguishing ancient history", which inherits and develops the previous thought of doubting ancient history. His thoughts of "biography" and "discipline" are not credible from Cui Shu, his thoughts of "classics" are not completely credible from Yao Jiheng, and his thoughts of comprehensive learning come from Zheng Qiao. He studied under Hu Shi, seeking clues to the evolution of things in the historical evolution, and his view of modern and ancient writers was influenced by money. Wang Guowei's achievements in studying ancient history with physical materials also have a far-reaching influence on him. The true ancient history verified by Wang is used to destroy the false ancient history. During the period of 1909, I was interested in researching pseudo-ancient history and engaged in data collection and accumulation. 19 14 began to take notes and record my reading experience, which lasted for life, about 200 volumes and more than 4 million words. 19 16 Write the first draft of textual research in the Qing Dynasty to fully understand the academic achievements of scholars in the Qing Dynasty. 192 1 year, he planned to overthrow the pseudo-ancient history. 1923, he put forward the viewpoint that "the ancient history of China is caused by accumulation" in the article "Talking with Mr. Qian", which caused a heated debate in the history circle. Later, I discussed and argued with others and compiled eight volumes of ancient history.

He believes that emperors in ancient legends all have divinity, and they all evolved from gods into human beings. The ancient history mentioned in ancient books is accumulated layer by layer by myths and legends of different times, and the time order of myths and legends is exactly the opposite of the order of the ancient history system contained in ancient books. To study ancient history, we should break four basic concepts of the history of non-belief: ① break the concept of national unity; (2) Breaking the concept that regions are always together; (3) Breaking the concept of humanization of ancient history; (4) Break the concept that ancient times were the golden world. The concept of "China's ancient history is formed by accumulation" put forward by him has developed Cui Shu's theory that "the world is beneficial to the future, and it must be beneficial to the miscellaneous" into a systematic theoretical understanding, which has put forward a new idea for the textual research of ancient legends and is an epoch-making development in the history of identifying forgeries in China.

He also made an in-depth textual research on ancient nationalities and geography. He believes that from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the early years of the Spring and Autumn Period, many races regarded the people at the time of their formation as their ancestors, but there was no common ancestor of all ethnic groups. It didn't start until after the Spring and Autumn Period. More than 200 years later, big countries conquered small countries and countless races merged together. It was not until the mid-Warring States period that Tang Yu, Xia, Shang,. The Yellow Emperor believed that China before Qin and Han Dynasties was not unified. The four sins of exile in Yaodian, Kyushu, the four places visited by the Yellow Emperor in historical records were the territories of the seven countries in the Warring States period, while the four residences of Yaodian He were the territories in the Qin and Han Dynasties. He believes that the study of paleogeography should be based on the regions of each era, not on the seven countries of the Warring States and the forty counties of Qin. In order to urge historians and geographers to study the evolutionary history and ethnic history of China, he initiated the organization of the Gong Yu Society on 1934, and founded the bimonthly Gong Yu. Under his leadership, he has made outstanding achievements in academic research, which has attracted the attention of scholars at home and abroad, and is called the Gong Yu School.

He regards the era of ancient books as an important prerequisite for studying the evolution of ancient myths, legends, nationalities and geography. Therefore, he has made great contributions to Zhouyi, Shangshu, Shijing, Zuozhuan, Guoyu, Gongyangzhuan, Guliang Zhuan, Zhou Li, Yi Li, Li Ji and The Analects of Confucius. When watching various dramas and collecting and sorting out ballads, he noticed the variability of stories in novels, dramas and ballads at any time and place, and thought that studying this changing process could confirm the changes of ancient legends. He made a pioneering research on the story of Wu Ge and Meng Jiangnv, and achieved fruitful results. We also investigated incense parties, temples, Shinto and weddings, funerals and celebrations. He is also keen to establish organizations and publications to study folk customs. 1926 Founded the Folklore Society and Folklore Weekly of Sun Yat-sen University, and published the series of Folklore Society. 1936 founded the folk song society in Beiping. In addition, he also attached importance to the study of frontier issues, and edited Frontier Weekly for Yi Shi Newspaper from 65438 to 0938. China Frontier Society was founded in Chengdu 194 1. At the same time, he has successively edited the academic bimonthly The Responsibility of Kindness, The Quarterly Study of China of Dach University and The Journal of Literature and History.

After 1949, he served as a researcher and academic member of the Institute of History of China Academy of Sciences and China Academy of Social Sciences, presided over the tongzhi Jian of punctuation marks, made in-depth research on Shangshu in his later years, and wrote many articles, such as The Duke of Zhou's crusade and On Translation. 1980 65438+died in Beijing on February 25th. His life works are very rich, including The Confucian Scholars of Qin and Han Dynasties (formerly known as A Brief History of Hanshu), Textual Research, Notes on the Study of Ancient History in China, A Preliminary Compilation of Stone Forest Miscellaneous Knowledge, Atlas of Chinese History, Research Collection of Meng Jiangnv's Stories, Miao Fengshan, Wu Ji and Notes on Suzhou Historical Records.

He ziquan

( 19 1 1~ )

[] China historian. Shandong Heze people. 191/kloc-0 was born on September 7th (July 15th, Xuantong) 1935 Peking University went to study in Japan after graduating from the Department of History, and returned to China due to illness the following year. 1939- 1940, obtained the special fund of the board of directors of China and Britain, studied the history of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties in the history department of Central University, and taught the course General History of China in this department. 194 1 ~ 1944 was the editor of the KMT central training Committee. 1in the autumn of 944, he was an assistant researcher at the Institute of History and Linguistics, Academia Sinica. From 65438 to 0947, he went to the United States, studied at Columbia University in the United States, and was funded by Hopkin University to help Professor Francis translate Fan Wenlan's A Brief History of China into English. 1950 returned to China after the War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea and taught at Beijing Normal University. He has served as an associate professor and professor, and concurrently served as the director of the research office of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties.

He Ziquan mainly studies the economic history of Han and Tang Dynasties, the history of military system, the temple economy and the history of Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. He was one of the earliest scholars who advocated feudalism in Wei and Jin Dynasties in China. As early as his student days, he published papers such as Preliminary Form of Manor System in Wei and Jin Dynasties, Three Allies in the Three Kingdoms Period, and Research on the Allies and Owners of the Monastery in the Middle Ages, and discussed the emergence and prevalence of feudal dependency in Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties. Later, he systematically expounded the proposition of feudalism in Wei and Jin Dynasties in his papers, such as "Several Issues on Ancient China Society and Social and Economic Changes between Han and Wei Dynasties". In addition, his article "Buddhist Temples in China in the Middle Ages" (1934) is quite influential in academic circles. In the 1980s, two articles were published, namely, Provisions on Temple Property in Buddhist Scriptures and Provisions on Monks' Private Property in Buddhist Scriptures, which deepened the research on temple economy. There are also original opinions on the study of the history of the military system, and there are in-depth discussions on the military system of the world, the military system of Sun Wu, the military system of China in Wei and Jin Dynasties, and the military system of the Northern Dynasties before the military system. The book Ancient Society of China is an important achievement of his years' research on ancient society and its evolution from ancient times to the Middle Ages. The book is divided into four parts, offering different opinions on the feudal theory of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the feudal theory of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, and the oriental social theory facing Asia, and expressing unique opinions on the similarities and differences of the development path of human society.

As a visiting scholar, he gave lectures at Washington University in Seattle, USA on 1987- 1988.

He is a member of the Central Supervisory Committee of the Revolutionary Committee of the Chinese Kuomintang. China * * * production party party member. Director, vice president and consultant of Qin and Han Historical Society, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties Historical Society, Tang Historical Society and Beijing Historical Society. Member and tutor of Chinese Cultural Society, director of East-West Cultural Research Center of Beijing Normal University, editor-in-chief of East-West Cultural Research. Some of his published papers are included in Reading History of Buddhist Temples in Han and Tang Dynasties in Recent 50 Years and Economic Research of Buddhist Temples in Han and Tang Dynasties.

Houwai road

( 1903~ 1987)

[] China historian. Formerly known as Zhao Lin, also known as Yushu, the name is Wailu. People from Pingyao County, Shanxi Province. Born in1February 6, 903 (the ninth day of the first month of the 29th year of Guangxu reign in Qing Dynasty), died in1September 4, 987 in Beijing. Born in a scholarly family, he studied the four books and five classics since childhood. 1922 went to Beijing to study, and was admitted to Beijing Hosei University and Beijing Normal University respectively, majoring in law and history. 1927 went to study in France and entered the University of Paris. 1930, Hou Wailu returned to China via Moscow. At first, he was a professor at Harbin University of Political Science and Law, teaching courses such as the history of economic thought. "Nine? After the 18th Incident, he returned to Shanhaiguan and became a professor at Peiping University and Peiping Normal University. During War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression's period, he engaged in the work and academic research of the anti-Japanese national united front in Chongqing, and successively published such important works as China's Classical Social History (later renamed China's Ancient Social History), China's Ancient Ideological and Theoretical History and China's Modern Ideological and Theoretical History, and made outstanding achievements in the research field of China's ancient history and ideological history.

After the founding of People's Republic of China (PRC), he served as a member of the Cultural and Educational Committee of the Administration of Organs of the Central People's Government, the head of the history department of Beijing Normal University, the president of Northwest University, the deputy director of the Institute of History of China Academy of Sciences, and the member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences. After the Cultural Revolution, he served as deputy director and director of the Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences.

Hou Wailu insisted on using Marxist theories and methods to study the history of China, and made extensive and in-depth research on the social history and ideological history of thousands of years. His works are rich and unique. Its main characteristics are: ① paying attention to the study of historical integrity and dynamics. ② Explore the origin of Chinese civilization and the development path of ancient society according to Marxism. It is pointed out that "ancient Asia" is different from "classical ancient Asia" represented by Greece because the latter is a revolution in which the state replaces the family, while the former is a reform in which the state is mixed with the family. The legacy of clan system stipulates that national thought comes out late and emphasizes the sage style of ethics and morality; The old tradition has become a huge inertia that hinders the progress of history. (3) The land ownership monopolized by imperial power (that is, the state ownership of land) is the social root of centralized absolutism and "one respect" feudal thought since Qin and Han Dynasties. (4) Associated with land power, the royal landlords occupied the top of the whole ladder of feudal society. Haozu landlords supported imperial power as well as opposed it. Civilian landlords supported imperial power more. The rise and fall of the interaction between the landlord of the noble family and the landlord of the common people, to a great extent, reflects the characteristics of political, economic and ideological and cultural development in different periods of feudal society, and is also an important symbol of the transformation of feudal society from the early stage to the later stage. ⑤ The study of the history of thought pays more attention to criticizing and maintaining orthodox feudalism, and discovers the "heresy" thought and materialistic tradition neglected in the history of philosophy. ⑥ Emphasize that the code is the symbol of the historical stage. For example, the transition from slave society to feudal society was marked by a series of legal forms in Qin and Han dynasties; The two tax laws in the Tang Dynasty marked the transformation of feudal society from the early stage to the late stage, and the "one whip law" in the Ming Dynasty marked the late stage of feudal society.

His main works are: China Ancient Social History, China Feudal Social History, Answers to Soviet Historians, China Ancient Thought Theory History, China Modern Thought Theory History (Volumes I and II), General History of China Thought History (edited with Du Fu, Zhao Fu, five volumes) and China.

Hou Wailu has been a director of the China Historical Society for a long time. In his later years, he served as honorary president of Chinese Philosophy History Society, honorary consultant of china confucius foundation and encyclopedia of China? Director of Editorial Board of History of China. He was also elected as a deputy to the First, Second, Third and Fifth National People's Congresses, and a member and standing committee member of the Sixth China People's Political Consultative Conference.

Tan Qixiang

( 19 1 1~ 1992)

[] China historian and historical geographer. The word geelong. Jiaxing, Zhejiang. 19 1 1 was born in Fengtianfu (now Shenyang, Liaoning Province) on the 27th day of the first month of the Qing Dynasty. 1930 graduated from Jinan university, 1932 graduated from yenching university graduate school. 1932, director of Beiping Library, lecturer of Fu Jen Catholic University, yenching university, National Peking University and National Tsinghua University, and tutor of Guangzhou Xue Hai Academy. 1940 Associate Professor and Professor of Zhejiang University. 1950 Up to now, professor of Fudan University, director of history department and director of China Institute of Historical Geography. 198 1 was elected member of the Department of Geology, China Academy of Sciences. Was hired as the encyclopedia of China in the same year? Member of the Editorial Board of History of China.

As one of the founders of historical geography in China, he helped Gu Jiegang to set up the Gong Yu Society, an academic group with the purpose of studying historical geography, and founded the bimonthly Gong Yu on 1934. He is also one of the founders of the Chinese Geographical Society, a long-term director, and the editor-in-chief of Historical Geography since 198 1. The Atlas of Chinese History compiled by him is the most authoritative, accurate and detailed atlas of China's historical administrative divisions completed by dozens of experts. He presided over the compilation of the National Atlas of China? Historical Atlas, which will be a comprehensive historical atlas, including 20 natural and human themes.

Tan Qixiang has been engaged in teaching the history of China and the historical geography of China for a long time, and has set up courses such as general history of China, cultural history, special research and research methods of historical geography. , has trained many outstanding talents. The research fields involve the changes of China's territorial administrative regions, cities, rivers and lakes, land and sea changes, the distribution and migration of population and nationalities, cultural history, economic history, historical geography ancient book annotations, geographical history, Liao history and history. More than 100 published papers have put forward many original opinions and new conclusions, such as the administrative divisions of Qin and Han Dynasties, the immigrants after the Jin Yongjia Rebellion, the immigrants and nationalities in Hunan, the history of ancient Baoyang people in Guizhou, the academic contribution of Xu Xiake (see Xu Hongzu), the history of the Yellow River before the Western Han Dynasty, the reasons for the advection of the Yellow River after the Eastern Han Dynasty, the changes of Yunmeng and Yunmengze, and the changes and development process of Shanghai's land and sea. The main works before 1982 have been included in the first and second volumes of Changshui Collection. He also edited Historical Geography Volume of Cihai, Physical Geography of China, Historical Physical Geography, Series of Yellow River History, etc. In addition, Tan Qixiang has also served as a member of the Discipline Evaluation Group of the State Council Academic Degree Committee, a member of the Ancient Books Planning Group of the State Council, a director and executive director of the China Historical Society, a vice president of the Shanghai Historical Society, and a vice president of the Shanghai Social Science Federation.

Xu Zhongshu

( 1898~ 199 1)

[] China historian and ancient philologist. Mingdaowei Anhui Huaining (now Anqing City) people. 1925 was admitted to the National Tsinghua University Institute of Chinese Studies. 1928 Professor of Chinese Department of Fudan University and Jinan University. Chen Yinque appreciates the article Nineteen Ancient Poems. 1930 was recommended by Chen Yinque and became a full-time editor of the Institute of History and Language of Academia Sinica. Two years later, he was promoted to a researcher. During his eight years in the Institute of Historical Linguistics, he published a series of academic works, which attracted academic attention. In the early 1930s, he participated in sorting out the archives of the Ming and Qing Dynasties preserved in the treasury of the Qing cabinet, and made great achievements. At the same time, he teaches Historical Materials of Yin and Zhou Dynasties in Peking University History Department. 1934, and Rong Geng and others jointly established the Archaeological Society. 1937 After the outbreak of War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, he was hired by Zhongying Geng and Sichuan University as a professor in the history department of Sichuan University. Since the1940s, he has also taught at Wuhan University in Leshan, yenching university in Chengdu, West China Union Medical College University and Nanjing Central University. After 1949, he continued to be a professor at Sichuan University, concurrently serving as the curator of Southwest Museum and Sichuan Museum, member of the Department of Philosophy and Social Sciences of China Academy of Sciences, consultant of the State Council Ancient Books Collation Group, president of Sichuan Historical Society, chairman of China Pre-Qin Historical Society, executive director of China Ancient Philology Society, honorary director of China Archaeological Society, and encyclopedia of China? Member of the Editorial Board of History of China.

Xu Zhongshu has been engaged in scientific research and teaching for a long time, focusing on pre-Qin history and ancient philology, and has also made great contributions to the study of Ming and Qing history and Sichuan local history. In terms of research methods, he not only inherited Wang Guowei's "double evidence law", but also broadened his research horizons, striving for a comprehensive grasp and making full use of the scientific knowledge of related disciplines to connect and supplement, thus embodying the integrity of history itself. He is familiar with the pre-Qin literature, and he not only uses these materials freely, but also has macro literacy. He is good at combining field archaeology, ethnology, anthropology, sociology, technology and other professional knowledge, repeatedly demonstrating and making it correct. He emphasized that the study of ancient philology should be combined with the study of ancient history. His research is fruitful. Papers on China's classical literature include the re-examination of Mulan Song and the discussion during the five-character poem period. Ancient History and Ancient Chinese Characters include the authors and their completion years of Lei Kekao, Re-discussion on Xiaotun and Yangshao, Zuo Zhuan, the compilation of Warring States Policy and its problems related to Su Qin, the farmland system in Zhou Dynasty and its social nature, the feudal society in Western Zhou Dynasty-also on the social nature of Yin Dynasty and Chen Housi. Since the 1940s, he has also studied the local history of Sichuan, and has written a series of articles, such as "A Preliminary Discussion on Bashu Culture", "Continued Discussion", "Biography of the King of Shu" and the notes of "Historical Records of Wang Anyang in Shu".

Textual research on Shi Bianzhong, Historical Records, Bashu Culture, Zuo Zhuan Xuan, etc. He also presided over the compilation of large-scale dictionaries, such as A Chinese Dictionary, A List of Ancient Characters, Collected Works of Yin, Zhou and Jin Dynasties, and Oracle Dictionary.

Li Xueqin

( 1933~ )

[] China historian and ancient philologist. Beijingers. 1933 was born on March 28th. 1952 graduated from the philosophy department of Tsinghua University. 1952- 1953, participated in the compilation of conjunctions of Yin ruins in the Institute of Archaeology, China Academy of Sciences. 65438-0954 worked in the Institute of History of China Academy of Sciences, and served as deputy director of the Institute from 65438-65438-0988. He has been a researcher at the Institute of History of China Academy of Social Sciences, deputy director of the academic committee, director of the history department of the Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, member of the academic committee of the Institute of Natural Science History of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and member of the academic committee of the State Council. He is also the director of China Historical Society, the vice chairman of China Pre-Qin Historical Society, and the director of China Ancient Characters Research Association. 1985 was elected honorary member of American Oriental Society.

Li Xueqin has been devoted to the study of history and culture before the Han Dynasty for a long time, paying attention to the combination of literature and archaeological philology achievements. Important achievements have been made in the research fields of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, bronzes, Warring States scripts, bamboo slips and silks and related history and culture. In 1950s, he combined and sorted the Oracle bones unearthed in Yin Ruins, studied the historical events and historical geography reflected by the Oracle bones through sorting spectrum, and identified the Oracle bones of the Western Zhou Dynasty for the first time. He initiated the theory of non-Wang Oracle bones in Yin Ruins, and put forward a new two-part and nine-group staging method on the issue of calendar Oracle bones. Great achievements have also been made in the study of bronzes and their inscriptions by stages, divisions and countries. On the basis of systematic study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions and Oracle bone inscriptions, he explored the etiquette, official position and family law in Shang and Zhou Dynasties. At the end of 1950s, he made a comprehensive study of Oracle Bone Inscriptions, Wen Tao, ancient seals, currency characters and bamboo slips and silks in the Warring States Period, thus promoting the formation of a new branch in the field of ancient philology-Warring States philology. Since 1975, he has participated in the collation and annotation of unearthed cultural relics such as Mawangdui silk book in Changsha, Hunan Province, bamboo slips of Yunmeng Sleeping Tiger in Hubei Province and bamboo slips of Zhangjiashan in Jiangling, Hubei Province, and used these new materials to explore the academic and cultural history of the Warring States and even the early Han Dynasty, which has aroused widespread concern in academic circles.

Li Xueqin visited Europe, America, Australia, Japan, Hongkong and other countries and regions for many times, inspected and studied the local public and private collections of ancient China cultural relics, cooperated with foreign scholars to collect and study them, published the Collection of British Oracle Bones, and prepared to publish a monograph on European bronzes. His published monographs include Introduction to Yin Geography (1959), Mystery of Chinese Bronzes (1980), Qin Civilization in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty (1984), Preliminary Study of Ancient Philology (1985) and China. Bronze ware (editor, 1985 ~ 1986), etc. Nearly 200 papers have been published so far. Mainly about the kinship system in the Yin Dynasty (1957), an overview of the inscriptions in the Warring States (1959), the age of Muhao Tomb and related issues (1977), and some studies on Oracle bones in the Western Zhou Dynasty (198 1).