Recently, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) has successively issued the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" for bio-economic development and the "Tenth Five-Year Plan" for renewable energy development. Bio-economic Planning is the first five-year plan of bio-economy in China, and it is also the first time to put forward the concept of "bio-economy", focusing on the higher-level needs of the people in the fields of medical health, food consumption, green and low carbon, bio-safety and so on, with the goal of vigorously developing bio-economy. Bio-energy is a strategic emerging industry in bio-economic planning, and it ranks as four key development fields of bio-economy along with biomedicine, bio-agriculture and bio-safety. It is mentioned in the Bioeconomic Plan that the development of bioenergy is of great significance for ensuring national energy security, food security and ecological security, and realizing rural revitalization and green development. Renewable energy planning points out that the development of biomass energy plays an important role in the peak of carbon dioxide emission and coping with climate change, is an important choice to ensure national energy security, and is an objective requirement for the construction of ecological civilization, sustainable clean energy development and ecologically livable beautiful countryside in China. The development of forestry biomass energy is in a promising period of strategic opportunities.
Forestry biomass energy industry is an important part of bio-economy and renewable energy.
Bioeconomic Planning defines bioenergy as the pillar industry of bioeconomy, with the goal of promoting the transformation of fossil energy into green low-carbon renewable energy. The renewable energy plan clearly puts forward that it will promote the diversified development of forestry biomass energy, including biomass power generation, biomass clean heating, biogas and non-grain biomass liquid fuel, which are in the same strain as the industrial development types in the bioenergy field mentioned in the bio-economic plan. In addition, the bio-economic plan also defines the engineering path for the industrial development in the field of forestry bioenergy, including: directional breeding, popularization and application of new varieties of oil-using forests with high yield, high resistance and fast growth, building bioenergy bases according to local conditions, strengthening thermochemical technological innovation, and popularizing and applying high-efficiency and low-cost bioenergy; Carry out industrialization demonstration of cellulose ethanol, biodiesel and biogas in conditional areas, open up important links such as biomass raw material collection, and improve the scale of biofuel production; Construction of industrial parks with renewable energy sources such as biomass cogeneration and biomass briquette as the main energy sources; Support qualified counties to carry out clean heating with biomass energy instead of coal, steadily develop cogeneration of municipal solid waste, and promote clean heating with biomass fuel, biogas and other biomass energy; Carry out pilot projects to promote biodiesel in areas where conditions permit, and promote the demonstration application of bio-aviation fuel.
China has special national conditions, rich in coal and poor in oil and gas. At present, the external dependence of crude oil exceeds 70%, and the energy security problem is outstanding. At the same time, China's population base is large, and the red line of 65.438+0.8 billion mu of cultivated land cannot be broken. The development of biomass energy can use grain raw materials like foreign countries, and it must be based on the principle of "not competing with people for grain and not competing with grain for land". Relying on China's 4.6 billion mu of forest land to develop forestry biomass energy is the best choice, which can accelerate the substitution of fossil energy, ensure the development of national energy in the direction of low carbon and zero carbon, and give consideration to multiple benefits of ecology, food, energy and society.
Forestry biomass energy has the characteristics of renewable, large reserves, high energy value, green and low carbon, many types of energy conversion, safety and so on. It is an important part of bio-economic industry and renewable energy, and a green and low-carbon energy bank. Forestry biomass energy can not only promote carbon neutrality, but also achieve negative carbon emissions in some industries. The two Plans were put forward under the background of China's "double carbon" goal and the second centenary goal, which provided great development opportunities for China's forestry biomass energy.
Beilin Energy Center is committed to developing the forestry biomass energy industry.
Since 20 13, relying on the scientific research platforms such as "National Energy Non-grain Biomass Raw Materials R&D Center" and "National International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Forestry Biomass Energy" of Beilin University, and supported by the National Natural Science Foundation, the special investigation project of science and technology basic resources of the Ministry of Science and Technology and the national international science and technology cooperation project, the R&D team of Beilin Forestry Biomass Energy has conducted a multi-system research in 10. Help the "energy forest" to be written into the new version of the Forest Law, take the lead in compiling three forestry industry standards, such as Technical Specification for Energy Forest Cultivation, Technical Specification for Oil-bearing Energy Forest Cultivation and Technical Specification for Cellulose Ethanol Energy Forest Cultivation, and assist the Biomass Energy Office of the National Forestry Department to draft and publish the guidelines for the sustainable cultivation of seven energy raw material forests, such as Robinia pseudoacacia, shrub, Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge, Acer truncatum Bunge, Prunus humilis and Jatropha curcas. Important landmark scientific research achievements have been made in the sustainable management technology of high-efficiency and energy-saving advanced biomass raw material forest and the sustainable development model of "forest-oil integration" industry, which laid a solid technical foundation for the implementation of the two plans.
(1) sustainable management technology of advanced biomass raw material forest with high energy efficiency
In order to solve the bottleneck problem that restricts the development of China's forestry biomass energy industry, with the support of the national international science and technology cooperation project of the Ministry of Science and Technology and the major project cultivation project of the Ministry of Education, the Beilin team used Robinia pseudoacacia, Caragana korshinskii, Hippophae rhamnoides, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Lespedeza, Amorpha fruticosa, triploid Populus tomentosa B30 1, Populus euramericana 107 and Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge on the basis of solid previous research. Relying on the National International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Forestry Biomass Energy of the Ministry of Science and Technology, the team cooperated with the relevant institutions of first-class universities such as Harburg College in Germany and Polytechnic University in Madrid, Spain, and carried out practical cooperation around the sustainable management technology of fuel-based and fuel-based energy raw material forests, forming a high-density and ultra-short rotation cultivation technology system of Robinia pseudoacacia and poplar energy forests, and the biomass production increased by more than 20% compared with the original cultivation model. A technical system of shrub energy forest cultivation has been formed, such as site tree species (varieties) adaptation, reasonable density determination, stubble rejuvenation and so on. The biomass has increased by 35%, and an industrial system of energy and feed co-production can be formed; The screening technology of excellent germplasm resources with high oil content and saponin content of main oil-bearing tree species in China was established, and the accurate selection of optimal germplasm for multi-objective utilization was realized, forming a series of new varieties. Efficient and standardized cultivation techniques for raw material forests, such as economic characters and site adaptation, crown shape and precise control of flowers and fruits, have been formed, and the yield of fruit raw materials has been increased by 47.4% and 565,438 0.0% respectively compared with the existing measures. The sustainable evaluation index system and evaluation technology of energy raw material forest cultivation economy, environment and energy consumption are put forward. The above technologies have laid a solid foundation for ensuring the stable supply of raw materials for forestry biomass energy industry.
High yield individual plant of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge
Robinia pseudoacacia high-density ultra-short rotation cutting raw material forest
Poplar high-density and ultra-short rotation raw material forest
Caragana feed and energy raw material forest
(2) Sustainable development mode of "forest-oil integration" industry
In order to solve the problems of insufficient supply of raw materials, imperfect technical system of raw material forest cultivation, single product and long investment return period of enterprises in China's forestry biomass energy industry, the team of Beijing Forestry University took the lead and cooperated with leading domestic forestry biomass energy enterprises to study the sustainable development model and related factors of "forest-oil integration" industry. Oil-bearing energy tree species such as Sapindus mukoraiensis and Jatropha curcas are used as raw materials. Taking this as the research object, this paper innovatively puts forward the "excellent clonal plantation raw material forest cultivation model+polygeneration industrial chain sustainable development model". The results showed that the fruit yield and economic benefit of Sapindus mukoraiensis clone plantation were 2.3 times and 3.3 times that of seedling plantation, respectively. Forest oil-soap-carbon polygeneration industrial chain has reversed the loss situation of producing only biodiesel. 1 ton of dried fruit of Sapindus mukoraiensis can reach 35,000 yuan; 1t The carbon footprint of Sapindus mukoraiensis biodiesel is-1 1.5tco2eq. Compared with petrochemical diesel, the greenhouse gas emission reduction is 15.2tco2eq/t ... In addition, the research has also formed the "forest-oil integration" production technology and polygeneration road map independently innovated by China. Seven supporting policies and suggestions for industrial sustainable development in line with China's national conditions are put forward, including financial subsidies for afforestation, preferential policies for national seed industry and improved varieties, and preferential policies for fiscal and taxation. This model provides an optimized path for the development of forestry biomass energy "forest-oil integration" industry in China and even the world, and has important practical significance for promoting the high-quality development of forestry biomass energy industry in China.
Development Prospect of Forestry Biomass Energy Bio-industry
For more than ten years, the R&D team of Beilin Forestry Biomass Energy has basically found out the optimal tree species for developing energy raw materials suitable for major climatic regions, and built a cultivation technology system for high and stable yield of raw materials around these tree species, and established an excellent germplasm resource collection and planting test base in the main development areas of energy forest tree species, which has effectively promoted a large number of enterprises as technical support units to firmly carry out R&D, popularization and application in forestry biomass energy-related fields. At the same time, under the leadership of the State Forestry and Grassland Bureau, the National Innovation Alliance of Sapindus mukoraiensis Industry and the National Research Center of Robinia pseudoacacia Engineering Technology were established. The establishment of these platforms has opened up the channel for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, formed a benign cooperation and transformation mechanism for the forestry biomass energy industry, realized the organic combination of seed selection of raw material trees, raw material forest cultivation, application and development, green deep processing and other aspects, and laid an important foundation for gradually forming an effective market-oriented development mechanism for forestry biomass energy.
The release of the two "Planning" put forward a plan for the development of forestry biomass energy in China, and also pointed out the direction for the scientific and technological innovation of "energy center". During the Tenth Five-Year Plan period, the Energy Center has formulated 8 special plans and 27 specific measures, which will focus on theoretical and technological breakthroughs in oil-bearing energy forest, solid fuel energy forest, cellulose energy forest and other fields, create new fields such as starch energy forest and new forest and grass biomass energy, continue to play an active role in industry standardization, expand its influence in the field of biomass energy at home and abroad, and help China's bio-economy and forest and grass biomass energy cause to develop in a high-quality and sustainable way. (The author is the National Energy Non-grain Biomass Raw Material Research and Development Center of Beijing Forestry University)