The 11th Five-Year Plan period is an extraordinary five years in China's development process. Facing the complicated situation at home and abroad and a series of major risks and challenges, China's * * * production party led the people of all ethnic groups in an all-round way to promote reform, opening up and modernization, and the country has undergone historic changes.
in the past five years, China's social productive forces and comprehensive national strength have improved significantly. We effectively responded to the impact of the international financial crisis, maintained steady and rapid economic development, successfully completed the main objectives and tasks of the Eleventh Five-Year Plan, and the national economy reached a new level. The GDP reached 39.8 trillion yuan, with an average annual growth rate of 11.2%, and the fiscal revenue increased from 3.16 trillion yuan to 8.31 trillion yuan. Major breakthroughs have been made in cutting-edge technologies such as manned space flight, lunar exploration project and supercomputer. Great achievements have been made in the modernization of national defense and the army.
in the past five years, various social undertakings have been developed rapidly and people's lives have been significantly improved. Education, science and technology, culture, health and sports have made all-round progress. 57.71 million new jobs were created in cities and towns, and 45 million agricultural laborers were transferred; The per capita disposable income of urban residents and the per capita net income of rural residents increased by 9.7% and 8.9% respectively. The social security system covering urban and rural areas has been gradually improved.
in the past five years, great progress has been made in reform and opening up. New breakthroughs were made in the reform of key areas and key links, and the socialist market economic system was more perfect. Last year, the total volume of foreign trade reached 2.97 trillion US dollars, and the level of open economy improved rapidly.
in the past five years, China's international status and influence have been significantly improved. We have played an important and constructive role in international affairs, vigorously safeguarded national sovereignty, security and development interests, and made significant progress in all-round diplomacy. We successfully hosted the Beijing Olympic Games and the Shanghai World Expo, realizing the century-old dream of the Chinese nation.
These brilliant achievements have fully demonstrated the superiority of Socialism with Chinese characteristics, demonstrated the great strength of reform and opening up, greatly enhanced the self-confidence and pride of the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country, and enhanced the cohesion and centripetal force of the Chinese nation, which will surely inspire us to forge ahead courageously in the new historical journey.
In the past five years, we have mainly done the following work:
(1) Strengthening and improving macro-control to promote steady and rapid economic development. We pay attention to the direction, focus and intensity of macro-control and firmly grasp the initiative in economic work. In the early period of "Eleventh Five-Year Plan", in view of the problems of excessive investment growth, excessive trade surplus, excess liquidity and structural and imported price increases, correct policies and measures were taken to effectively prevent the incipient problems from turning into trend problems and local problems from turning into overall problems. In the past two years, faced with the impact of the rare international financial crisis in a century, we calmly responded, made scientific decisions, and resolutely implemented a proactive fiscal policy and a moderately loose monetary policy. Adhere to the implementation of the package plan, increase government expenditure and implement structural tax cuts on a large scale, implement the adjustment and revitalization plan of key industries on a large scale, vigorously promote independent innovation and strengthen scientific and technological support, and greatly improve the level of social security. Adhere to the strategic policy of expanding domestic demand, adopt a series of policies and measures to encourage consumption, and increase the income of urban and rural residents, especially low-income people. The consumption scale continues to expand and the structure continues to upgrade. We will implement an investment plan of 4 trillion yuan in two years, including 1.18 trillion yuan from the central government, 43.7% from affordable housing projects, rural livelihood projects and social undertakings, 15.3% from independent innovation, structural adjustment, energy conservation and emission reduction, and ecological construction, 23.6% from major infrastructure construction, 14.8% from post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. Government investment led to social investment, and domestic demand increased substantially, effectively making up for the external demand gap. Reversing the downward trend of economic growth in a relatively short period of time and taking the lead in achieving recovery in the world have not only overcome special difficulties, but also effectively guaranteed and improved people's livelihood and laid a solid foundation for long-term development.
(2) do a good job in agriculture, rural areas and farmers, and consolidate and strengthen the agricultural foundation. The central government's investment in agriculture, rural areas and farmers totaled nearly 3 trillion yuan, with an average annual increase of more than 23%. The complete abolition of agricultural taxes and various fees has ended the history of farmers paying taxes on farming, reducing the burden on farmers by more than 133.5 billion yuan every year. We will establish a subsidy system for grain farmers and a compensation mechanism for the interests of major producing areas. Last year, farmers' production subsidy funds reached 122.6 billion yuan. The minimum purchase price and temporary storage policy were implemented for key grain varieties, and the minimum purchase price of wheat and rice increased by 25% to 4%. Strictly protect cultivated land. Focus on promoting the progress of agricultural science and technology. Grain output has hit record highs, reaching 1.9 trillion Jin last year, increasing production for seven consecutive years; The per capita net income of farmers reached 5919 yuan, achieving sustained and rapid growth. The comprehensive reform in rural areas has been steadily advanced, and the reform of the collective forest right system and the management system of state-owned farms have been comprehensively promoted. The construction of agricultural and rural infrastructure was accelerated, 7,356 large and medium-sized and key small reservoirs were reinforced, and the drinking water safety problem of 215 million rural people was solved. The life of farmers was getting better and better, and rural development entered a new era.
(3) vigorously promote economic restructuring and improve the quality and efficiency of economic growth. First, accelerate industrial restructuring and independent innovation. Actively promote technological transformation and mergers and acquisitions of enterprises, and the overall level and competitiveness of industry, especially equipment manufacturing, have been significantly improved. Strategic emerging industries have grown rapidly. Accelerate the construction of a national innovation system, implement knowledge innovation projects and technological innovation projects, break through a number of cutting-edge technologies, core technologies and key equipment technologies urgently needed for industrial development, and realize industrialization of a large number of scientific research achievements. The service industry developed rapidly, accounting for 2.5 percentage points of GDP. Infrastructure construction has been significantly accelerated. In five years, 16, kilometers of new railway lines have been built, 639, kilometers of new highways have been added, including 33, kilometers of expressways, 33 airports have been built, rebuilt and expanded, and 17, kilometers of dikes have been built and reinforced. Second, solidly promote energy conservation and emission reduction, ecological construction and environmental protection. Put forward the action targets and policy measures for controlling greenhouse gas emissions in China by 22, and formulate and implement a comprehensive work plan for energy conservation and emission reduction. Vigorously develop clean energy and increase the installed capacity of power generation by 445 million kilowatts, including 96.1 million kilowatts of hydropower and 3.84 million kilowatts of nuclear power. Shut down 72.1 million kilowatts of small thermal power units and eliminated a number of backward coal, steel, cement and coke production capacity. Promote the construction of key forestry ecological projects and complete afforestation of 25.29 million hectares. Comprehensively control the area of soil erosion by 23, square kilometers, and strengthen the prevention and control of water pollution, air pollution and industrial "three wastes" in key river basins. Vigorously develop circular economy. Over the past five years, the energy consumption per unit of GDP has decreased by 19.1%, and the chemical oxygen demand and sulfur dioxide emissions have decreased by 12.45% and 14.29% respectively. The third is to promote the coordinated development of regional economy. We will implement the overall strategy for regional development, promulgate and implement the national plan for major functional areas, formulate guidelines for the new decade of western development and a series of regional development plans, and promote new measures to promote the leap-forward development of Tibet, Tibetan areas in four provinces, Xinjiang and other ethnic areas. The development of the central, western and northeastern regions has accelerated, and major indicators such as economic growth rate have exceeded the national average; The economic structure in the eastern region has been continuously optimized, and independent innovation and competitiveness have been gradually improved; The gap in basic public services between regions tends to narrow, and a distinctive regional development pattern has taken shape.
(4) unswervingly deepen reform and opening up and enhance the internal vitality of economic and social development. The financial transfer payment system was gradually improved, and the county-level basic financial security mechanism was initially established. The transformation of value-added tax was fully implemented, the reform of refined oil prices and taxes and fees was smoothly promoted, the pilot reform of resource tax was launched, and the tax system of domestic and foreign-funded enterprises was fully unified. The shareholding system reform of large state-owned commercial banks was successfully completed, and the reform of policy financial institutions and rural credit cooperatives was actively promoted; The problem of non-tradable shares of listed companies was solved smoothly, the GEM, stock index futures and margin financing and securities lending were successfully launched, and the bond market developed steadily. Deepen the reform and opening up of the insurance industry; The reform of the RMB exchange rate formation mechanism was promoted in an orderly manner, and the pilot project of RMB settlement of cross-border trade was continuously expanded. Positive progress has been made in the reform of the shareholding system of state-owned enterprises and the supervision system of state-owned assets. The reform of the postal system was accelerated. Formulating and implementing a series of policies to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises and private investment, the development environment of non-public ownership economy has been continuously improved, and various ownership economies have developed together.
continuously expand the breadth and depth of opening to the outside world. The total import and export volume increased by 15.9% annually, and the structure was continuously optimized. The trade surplus has been declining for two consecutive years, with a decrease of 6.4% in 21 compared with the previous year. The level of utilizing foreign capital has been further improved. The pace of enterprises' "going global" has obviously accelerated, with a cumulative foreign direct investment of US$ 22 billion and a turnover of US$ 335.2 billion in foreign project contracting and labor cooperation. Actively participate in the reform of global economic governance mechanism and the construction of regional cooperation mechanism, and multilateral and bilateral economic and trade cooperation will continue to deepen. The scale of foreign aid continued to expand. Opening to the outside world has effectively promoted economic development and structural adjustment, increased employment, absorbed advanced technology and management experience, and greatly improved China's international status.
(5) accelerate the development of social undertakings and effectively safeguard and improve people's livelihood. Always adhere to the coordination between economic development and social development, and strive for development around improving people's livelihood. Give priority to employment in economic and social development. Strengthen vocational training and employment services, promote the employment of college graduates, rural migrant workers and people with employment difficulties in cities and towns, and do a good job in the employment and resettlement of retired soldiers. Implement the labor contract law and the employment promotion law, generally raise the minimum wage, and promote the establishment of harmonious labor relations. Breakthrough progress has been made in the construction of the social security system covering urban and rural areas. The basic old-age insurance for urban workers has been coordinated at the provincial level, and the inter-provincial transfer of old-age insurance relations has been implemented. The basic old-age pension level for enterprise retirees has been raised for seven consecutive years, with an average annual increase of 1%. The new rural social old-age insurance pilot covers 24% of counties. Actively and steadily promote the reform of the medical and health system, comprehensively establish the basic medical insurance system for urban residents and the new rural cooperative medical system, benefiting 432 million urban workers and urban residents and 835 million rural residents. The minimum living security system has achieved full coverage, the urban and rural social assistance system has been basically established, and new progress has been made in social welfare, special care and resettlement, charity and the cause of the disabled. The national social security fund accumulated 781 billion yuan, an increase of more than 58 billion yuan over five years ago. Vigorously implement the construction of affordable housing and the transformation of shanty towns, so that 11 million families with difficulties live in new houses. We should persevere and strive to provide all the people with a sense of security, medical care and shelter.
to formulate and implement the outline of the national medium-and long-term education reform and development plan. In the past five years, the national financial expenditure on education totaled 4.45 trillion yuan, with an average annual increase of 22.4%. Free and compulsory education in urban and rural areas will be fully realized, and all school-age children will be able to go to school at no cost. The performance-based salary system for teachers in compulsory education is fully implemented. Secondary vocational education is free for students from poor families in rural areas, low-income families in cities and agriculture-related agriculture. To speed up the implementation of the national student aid system, the financial input has increased from 1.8 billion yuan in 26 to 3.6 billion yuan in 21, and the coverage has expanded from colleges and universities to secondary vocational schools and ordinary high schools. * * * has subsidized 21.3 million students and provided living allowances for more than 12 million boarding students in compulsory education. Accelerate the renovation of dilapidated buildings in rural primary and secondary schools and the construction of vocational education infrastructure. Improve the quality and level of higher education in an all-round way and enhance the innovation ability of colleges and universities. Formulating and implementing the outline of the national medium-and long-term scientific and technological development plan, the central government invested 619.7 billion yuan in science and technology, with an average annual increase of 22.7%, and achieved a series of significant results. Vigorously strengthen the capacity building of primary medical and health services. The state finance allocated special funds to renovate and build 23, township hospitals, 1,5 county hospitals, 5 county traditional Chinese medicine hospitals and 1, county maternal and child health centers, and established 2,4 community health service centers. Formulate and implement the outline of the national medium-and long-term talent development plan. The goal of population planning was successfully achieved. Significant progress has been made in the reform of the cultural system. The construction of the public cultural service system has been significantly accelerated, and the cultural industry has flourished. Philosophy and social sciences, press and publication, radio, film and television, literature and art flourished and progressed. The construction of public sports facilities in urban and rural areas has been accelerated, and national fitness activities have become a common practice. The construction of the legal system was comprehensively promoted, and the "Fifth Five-Year Plan" was successfully completed. Innovate and strengthen social management, and maintain social harmony and stability.
the struggle against severe natural disasters such as the Wenchuan earthquake has achieved great success. The three-year task of post-disaster recovery and reconstruction in Wenchuan has been basically completed in two years, and the post-disaster recovery and reconstruction in Yushu and Zhouqu have been promoted in an orderly manner. After the baptism of disasters, the people of China are more mature, confident and strong, and the great spirit of perseverance and self-improvement of the Chinese nation is invincible.
in the past five years, we have continuously deepened the reform of the administrative management system, accelerated the transformation of government functions, comprehensively completed a new round of government institutional reform, further promoted administration according to law, built a government ruled by law and a service-oriented government, promoted the openness of government affairs, strengthened administrative accountability, and unremittingly carried out the anti-corruption struggle, and made positive progress in the government's own construction.
In the past five years, we have come one step at a time, and the people of China have reason to be proud of it! Five years' achievements are hard-won. This is the result of the overall situation and correct leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Hu Jintao as the general secretary, and the result of the concerted efforts of the whole party and the people of all ethnic groups throughout the country. Here, on behalf of the State Council, I would like to express my sincere thanks to the people of all ethnic groups, democratic parties, people's organizations and people from all walks of life! I would like to express my sincere thanks to our compatriots in Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Macao Special Administrative Region, Taiwan Province and overseas Chinese! I would like to express my sincere thanks to the governments, international organizations and friends from all over the world who care about and support China's modernization drive.
We are soberly aware that the problems of imbalance, uncoordinated and unsustainable development in China are still outstanding. Mainly: the resource and environment constraints of economic growth are strengthened, the relationship between investment and consumption is unbalanced, the income distribution gap is large, the scientific and technological innovation ability is not strong, the industrial structure is unreasonable, the agricultural foundation is still weak, the urban and rural regional development is uncoordinated, the total employment pressure and structural contradictions coexist, and there are still many institutional and institutional obstacles restricting scientific development; The proportion of added value of service industry and employment, and the proportion of research and experimental development expenditure in domestic production have not completed the "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" objectives. Some problems strongly reflected by the masses have not been fundamentally solved, mainly: the total amount of quality education and medical resources is insufficient and unevenly distributed; The pressure of rising prices has increased, and the price increase in some cities is too high; Social contradictions caused by illegal land acquisition and demolition have increased; Food safety issues are more prominent; Corruption is serious in some areas. We must be highly responsible for the country and the people, through hard and meticulous work and unremitting efforts, speed up the solution of these problems and satisfy the people!