brief introduction
The doctor focuses on academic research. Without academic research, a doctorate is meaningless. Modern western higher education should first engage in academic activities within the scope of "science". Besides natural science, science also includes humanities, such as sociology and art theory. There are no "unscientific" doctors or "unscientific" research activities in modern western universities.
Therefore, when discussing the subject of scientific research, we must define what is "science" in a general sense. But the definition of science is not simple, it belongs to a philosophical category. For simplicity, we define "science" as academic activities recognized by modern international academic circles and all research results that can be published in international official academic journals. Academic research refers to the activities of creating and accumulating knowledge in exploring natural laws and social phenomena.
Because we deliberately define this activity as a scientific category, academic research is a systematic theoretical and experimental activity based on scientific concepts and using scientific methods. For the definition of "science", please refer to the author's paper "Definition of Science".