1986, China promulgated the Compulsory Education Law of People's Republic of China (PRC), which fixed free compulsory education in legal form for the first time. After 25 years of development, China's economic strength has been significantly improved, and social development has new requirements for national quality. In this case, the social voice of implementing 12-year compulsory education is growing. From the fall semester of 20 10, students with Dexing household registration and studying in ordinary high schools and vocational high schools in this city receive free education. At the same time, outstanding junior high school graduates who are not registered in Dexing but have achieved excellent results in cultural courses and subject competitions can also enjoy free education when studying in this city. According to the statistics of Dexing Education Department, there are 11primary and secondary schools at all levels in the city, including 4 ordinary high schools and 0 vocational high schools. There are 35,573 students in the city, including 3,582 ordinary high schools and 529 vocational high schools. The implementation of free education in senior high school will increase the financial input by more than 6 million yuan every year. Free education in Dexing's senior high schools mainly includes "six exemptions and one subsidy", that is, tuition and miscellaneous fees, audio-visual experiment fees, boarding fees, utilities, computer fees and textbook fees are exempted from public ordinary senior high schools; Private high school and vocational high school students are subsidized by grants, and the municipal finance makes up the annual grant of 600 yuan/person, and the subsidy fee cannot be charged to students repeatedly; Subsidies for poor high school students and sports lottery public welfare funds are still implemented according to the current subsidy standards for poor families. The specific processes of implementing free education in senior high schools are as follows: First, ordinary senior high schools and vocational high schools organize students to register for the new semester at the prescribed admission time, and students register with the original household registration book. The school counts the number of students who meet the free conditions within 3 days after their registration, and publicizes the students who have passed the preliminary examination for at least 7 days. Finally, it is summarized by the school and reported to the Municipal Education Bureau and the Municipal Supervision Bureau respectively. After the approval of the Municipal Education Bureau and the Municipal Supervision Bureau, the Municipal Education Bureau shall declare to the whole city the implementation of free education in senior high school. According to the information office of Dexing Municipal People's Government, in order to promote this livelihood project, the city has also set up a leading group for the implementation of free education in senior high schools, headed by Mayor He Ren. The leading group will regularly organize inspections on the implementation and use of free education funds in senior high schools, strengthen the management of free education funds in senior high schools, and ensure the timely, standardized, safe and effective allocation and use of funds. Supervision, auditing, finance and other departments regularly check the number of students who enjoy free education, the use and management of funds, and will set up a complaint hotline to accept complaints and supervision from the people, and promptly investigate and correct violations. Dexing City is located in the northeast of Jiangxi Province, with a total area of 2 1, 0 1 square kilometer and a total population of 3 1.8 million. Dexing is known as the "copper capital", with the annual copper output ranking first in the country and the gold in the south of the Yangtze River. It is an important base of national nonferrous metal industry. In 2009, the annual GDP of Dexing City reached 77 1.3 billion yuan (excluding the industrial added value of Dexing Copper Mine), the city's total fiscal revenue was/kloc-0.30/kloc-0.0 billion yuan, the per capita net income of farmers was 5,564 yuan, and the average wage of employees on the job was 23,200 yuan. On March 3rd, Tang Min, Counselor of the State Council, explained the hot topics in education, such as education investment, 12 compulsory education, employment difficulties for college graduates, declining proportion of rural students in colleges and universities, and difficulties for migrant workers' children to go to school. It is not difficult to increase the investment in education to 4%. It is difficult to distribute education investment fairly. The Outline of the National Medium-and Long-Term Education Plan clearly states that in 20 12 years, the goal that the national financial education expenditure accounts for 4% of GDP should be achieved. Tang Min believes that it is not difficult to increase money. What is difficult is how to divide the money well and make education fairer. He is more concerned about how to allocate the money and how to really allocate it to the right place after 4% is realized. This money should be used to give timely help, not icing on the cake. Spend it on teaching facilities in poor areas, especially software, and spend it on poor people. He said: "How can we ensure this? I think the most important thing is openness and transparency, so that people all over the country can know how money is distributed. The education budget is what the people are most concerned about. After investing more in education, it is especially necessary to ensure the rational use of education funds and reduce the unfairness and injustice of education. " At the same time, Tang Min also expressed his concern that the increased investment in education, if not handled properly, will aggravate the unfairness of education. 12 compulsory education, it is not easy to solve the problem of high school expenses for poor students and rural students at once. "It is better to do compulsory education step by step at 12, and finally free." Tang Min talked to reporters about his ideas. He said: "Japan, a high-income country, has only recently implemented 12 years of compulsory education. China should not rush to implement 12 compulsory education. I think it is urgent to solve the problem that poor families and rural children spend too much money in high school. First of all, students from poor families should be provided with 12 free education, or students from poor families who have the ability to enter higher education should take the form of grants so that they do not have to pay tuition fees in high school. Secondly, we can consider giving students from poor families in vocational high schools or technical secondary schools free of charge. Generally speaking, there are more rural children in such schools. Relatively speaking, these students can create wealth for society earlier. Just step by step and finally get rid of it. " Tang Min thinks that the bigger problem in implementing 12 compulsory education is financial input. At present, the country does not have so much financial resources to ensure that so many people get 12 free education. From the national point of view, it is not so easy to get free at 12 at once. The expansion of enrollment makes it difficult for college graduates to find jobs, and it is difficult for middle school graduates to find jobs. If we don't expand enrollment, it will be reflected in the difficulty of employment for middle school graduates, which is the employment problem of the whole society. Tang Min said that if there are not enough employment opportunities, students will lose their jobs when they graduate from junior high school, high school or university. It can be said that the employment difficulty is not caused by the expansion of enrollment. Tang Min said that in order to solve the employment problem of college students, the following problems need to be solved. First, how to speed up economic restructuring and provide more employment opportunities for highly educated students. Secondly, we should reform the teaching contents and methods. Because of the expansion of university enrollment, the social demand has changed greatly, but the educational reform of universities has not kept up. Therefore, it is not that society does not provide employment opportunities for college graduates, nor does it mean that society does not need college students, but that many college students are too arrogant to meet the needs of society. Therefore, fundamentally speaking, to solve this problem, we must speed up the reform, especially the education reform. "Decline in the proportion of rural students in colleges and universities" is a misunderstanding of the increase in the proportion of rural students in China in 201year, and "it is difficult for poor families to have expensive children" has become an annual educational hot word. Some articles pointed out that in this era of "poor families are hard to produce expensive children", educational resources are seriously unbalanced, rural students have fewer and fewer opportunities to enter prestigious schools, knowledge has been difficult to change their destiny, and the channel of class mobility has been blocked. Tang Min pointed out that "the proportion of rural students in colleges and universities is declining" is a misunderstanding. According to the survey of scholars, the proportion of rural students in key universities is decreasing, but the proportion of rural students in universities across the country, especially in early batch admission and junior colleges, is increasing, and the number of rural students is rising continuously. Statistics from the Ministry of Education also show that from 1989 to 2008, the proportion of rural freshmen in colleges and universities in China increased year by year-from 43.4% in 1989 to the same proportion as urban students in 2003, and then reached 53% in 2005. However, the proportion of rural students in 2 1 1 and 985 universities in Tsinghua and some countries is declining. This reflects that the current enrollment model of "one exam for life" is unfair and unjust to rural students. Children of migrant workers cannot enter public schools. What should I invest in expanding the school? According to the recent survey of People's Daily Online 20 12, 90% netizens think that the education of migrant workers' children is the most urgent problem to be solved at present. 90% people think that the key to solve this problem lies in the fact that there is no threshold for children who move with them to study and take exams. On how to solve the problem of migrant workers' children going to school, Tang Min talked about his own views: "It is still difficult for a considerable number of migrant workers' children to go to school, so it is urgent to ensure the children of floating population to go to school. At present, public schools in many cities are unwilling to accept or receive enough. If public schools want to accept all the children of migrant workers, urban schools need to be expanded, and the investment should be invested. In the case that public schools can't recruit all children of migrant workers for the time being, some schools for children of migrant workers should continue to operate. All localities should allocate part of their education funds to support these schools. "The opportunities for college entrance examination students in various provinces and cities are unfair, and colleges and universities should be allowed to allocate places according to the number of people in different places. Students in some areas may have to take dozens more exams than college entrance examination students in some areas to get the same learning opportunities, which can be said to be unfair learning opportunities. Tang Min believes that this is caused by the college entrance examination system itself. Originally, the national college entrance examination questions were unified, but now more than half of the provinces are independent propositions, which involves some big cities, especially big cities like Beijing, where there are many universities and many university enrollment places, so the admission scores will be lower. To solve this problem, the first thing to be solved is the distribution of enrollment places in universities around the world. For example, Peking University is a national Peking University, and it should allocate different numbers of places according to the national population distribution, instead of Beijing getting so many places. College students' employment training is a necessary means to cultivate their entrepreneurial awareness. Nowadays, many college students choose to attend various employment training before employment to enhance their "actual combat ability". Tang Min is in favor of this choice of college students. According to Tang Min, this does not mean that college students can naturally adapt to work when they go to college. There are certain skills in job hunting and job hunting, and it takes some training to understand the problems of work and employment. He said that it is necessary to train college students for employment, not only in China, but also all over the world. Many western countries not only have training, but also have special offices to help college students find jobs, study and train. Tang Min also pointed out that it is necessary to cultivate college students' entrepreneurial awareness in universities. He said that having entrepreneurial awareness does not mean that you can start a business at school, because only a few people can do it. Most people may work for a while before they are suitable for starting a business. But if the seeds of entrepreneurship are not planted in the university, he may have this opportunity after work, and he will "pass by" the opportunity because he has no entrepreneurial consciousness. Brief introduction of the State Council counselor Tang Min: Tang Min, born in February 2005, 1953. People from Guangzhou, Guangdong. Independent. Executive Vice Chairman of Youcheng Entrepreneur Poverty Alleviation Foundation of the State Council Poverty Alleviation Office. He used to be the chief economist and deputy representative of Asian Development Bank in China, and the deputy secretary general of China Development Research Foundation of the State Council Development Research Center. Engaged in macroeconomic research for a long time. 2011February was appointed as the counselor of the State Council.

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