International Monetary Fund

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) was established based on the Agreement of the International Monetary Fund adopted by the United Nations International Monetary and Financial Conference in 1944. It was formally established in February 1945 and became a specialized agency of the United Nations in 1947. Its purpose is: to promote international monetary cooperation through joint discussion and negotiation of international partnership issues among member states; to promote the expansion and balanced development of international trade and to develop the productive resources of member states; to promote exchange rate stability and the orderly arrangement of exchange rates among member states. Avoid competitive currency devaluation; assist member states in establishing a multilateral payment system and eliminate foreign exchange controls that hinder the growth of world trade; assist member states in overcoming balance of payments difficulties.

The fund shares paid by member states are the main source of funds for the IMF.

In addition to supervising the exchange rate policies of members and consulting and coordinating with member states on the economic and financial situation, the main business activities of the International Monetary Fund are to provide loans and various trainings to member states. consultation service.

World Bank Group

The World Bank Group includes the World Bank, the International Development Association and the International Finance Corporation. The common purpose of these three is to solve the financial needs of member states to restore and develop their economies by providing and organizing long-term loans and investments, and to fund them in setting up specific capital construction projects. However, the loan objects and methods of the three are different. The World Bank mainly provides long-term loan concessions to member countries; the International Development Association is committed to providing long-term low-interest assistance loans to low-income countries; and the International Finance Corporation mainly provides loans to the private sector of member countries.

The World Bank's sources of funds include shareholder payments from members, borrowings from international financial markets, transfer of creditor's rights, and profits from operations. Its main business is the provision of long-term loans to developing countries.

The International Development Association is a financial institution that specializes in issuing long-term loans with favorable conditions to poorer developing countries. The proposal to establish the association was put forward in 1957, and it was officially established in September 1960.

The International Finance Corporation was established in July 1956. Countries applying to join the organization must be members of the World Bank. The IFC's organizational structure and management are the same as those of the World Bank. Its main task is to provide financing for the construction, reconstruction and expansion of private enterprises in member countries belonging to developing countries.

Regional international financial institution

1. Asian Development Bank: Founded in Tokyo in 1966, its office is located in Manila, the capital of the Philippines. Its purpose is to promote economic development and cooperation in the region through the granting of loans, investment and technical assistance. my country's legal seat in the Asian Development Bank was restored in 1986, becoming the third largest shareholder of the Asian Development Bank.

2. African Development Bank: established in 1963 and located in Abidjan, the capital of C?te d'Ivoire. my country joined the bank in 1985 and became a full member. Its purpose is to serve the economic and social development of member countries and provide financial support; to assist the African continent in formulating development plans and coordinating the development plans of various countries in order to achieve the goal of African economic integration.

3. Caribbean Development Bank: The Caribbean Development Bank is a regional and multilateral development bank. On October 18, 1969, 16 Caribbean countries and 2 non-regional members signed an agreement in Kingston, Jamaica. The Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) was established. On January 26, 1970, the agreement came into effect, and on January 30, the founding meeting of the Council was held in Nassau. Headquartered in Bridgetown, the capital of Barbados in the West Indies. The purpose of the bank is to promote the coordinated economic growth and development of Caribbean member countries, promote economic cooperation and economic integration in the region, and provide loan assistance to developing countries in the region. The purpose of the bank is to promote the coordinated economic growth and development of Caribbean member countries, promote economic cooperation and economic integration in the region, and provide loan assistance to developing countries in the region.

4. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, EBRD, referred to as EBRD, was established in 1991. The idea of ??establishing the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development was proposed by French President Mitterrand in October 1989. Yue first brought it up. His idea received positive responses from the European Community and other countries. In 1991, the bank had capital of 10 billion European currency units (approximately $12 billion). The European Commission (formerly the European Commission), the European Investment Bank and 39 countries have equity interests in the bank. The largest owner of shares is the United States, accounting for 10%, followed by France, Germany, Italy, Japan and the United Kingdom each accounting for 8.5%. Eastern European countries collectively own 11.9% of the shares, of which the former Soviet Union holds 6%. The purpose is to help and support Eastern and Central European countries in their transformation to market economies, taking into account factors such as strengthening democracy, respecting human rights, and protecting the environment, so as to mobilize the enthusiasm of individuals and enterprises in the above-mentioned countries and promote their transition to democratic regimes and market economies. The main targets for investment are private enterprises in Central and Eastern European countries and the infrastructure of these countries.

5. European Investment Bank: The European Investment Bank is a financial institution jointly operated by the member states of the European Economic Community. According to the provisions of the 1957 Treaty Establishing the European Economic Community (Treaty of Rome), it was established on January 1, 1958 and officially opened in 1959. The head office is located in Luxembourg. Purpose: Article 130 of the Treaty of Rome stipulates that the European Investment Bank is not for profit. Its business focuses on projects built in backward areas within the community, plans for structural reforms that help promote industrial modernization, and It is beneficial to provide long-term loans or guarantees for projects in the European Union or several member countries; it also exports capital to areas outside the European Union, but the projects built by the loans must have special significance to the European Union (such as improving energy supply). ), and must be specially approved by the bank’s president committee. For countries and regions that have alliances or cooperation agreements with the Communist Party, funds are generally provided according to the maximum amount of the agreement.

6. Inter-American Development Bank: The Inter-American Development Bank (IDB) was established on December 30, 1959. It is the earliest and largest regional and multilateral development bank in the world. The head office is located in Washington. It is a specialized agency of the Organization of American States. Countries in other regions can also join, but non-Latin American countries cannot use the bank's funds and can only participate in project bidding organized by the bank. Its purpose is to "concentrate the efforts of member states to provide financial and technical assistance to the economic and social development plans of Latin American countries" and to assist them "individually and collectively contribute to accelerating economic development and social progress."

7. Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank: Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank), referred to as AIIB, is an intergovernmental multilateral development institution in Asia, focusing on supporting infrastructure construction, with statutory capital 100 billion US dollars and headquartered in Beijing. The Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank was established in Beijing on October 24, 2014. The first batch of intended founding members include finance ministers and authorized representatives of 21 countries, including China, India, Singapore, etc. As of April 1, 2015, France, Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Switzerland, South Korea, Brazil, Russia, the Netherlands, Georgia, Denmark, etc. have agreed to join the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, which expands the AIIB to 51 member countries. , 31 countries have become formal intended founding members.

The Bank for International Settlements and the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision

The Bank for International Settlements (BIS) was established in Basel, Switzerland in 1930 to handle German reparations after World War I Payment and settlement of international settlement issues in Germany. Since then, its purpose has been changed to promote cooperation among central banks of various countries, provide additional convenience for international financial transactions, and accept entrustment or act as an agent to handle international settlement business. The bank was established with only 7 member countries and has now grown to 45 countries and regions.

The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision: In 1975, the central bank governors of the G10 countries were established. In July 1998, the Basel Committee on Banking Supervision adopted the "Basel Accord" (the full name is "On the Unification of International "Agreement on Bank Capital Calculation and Capital Standards"), which has become a representative document in international banking supervision.