After the establishment of the Northern Song Dynasty, it used troops against the Liao Dynasty twice in an attempt to capture the Youyun area, but was defeated by the Liao Dynasty both times and had to adopt a defensive policy.

In the autumn of 1004, the Liao army launched a massive attack on the Northern Song Dynasty, reaching Chanzhou City on the bank of the Yellow River, threatening the Song capital.

Kou Zhun, the prime minister of the Northern Song Dynasty, firmly advocated resistance and urged the emperor to personally conquer.

Song Zhenzong reluctantly came to Chanzhou City. The morale of the Song army was greatly boosted and the Liao army was defeated.

The next year, the Liao and Song Dynasties reached a peace agreement, the Liao Dynasty withdrew its troops, and the Northern Song Dynasty promised to give Liao Sui coins. This was the Chanyuan Alliance in history.

After the Chanyuan Alliance, Song and Liao maintained a long-term peaceful relationship.

The two sides conduct trade in the border areas.

In the late Liao Dynasty, the emperor enjoyed extravagant pleasures and officials were corrupt, which provoked continuous uprisings among the people.

The Jin army captured many places in Liao.

In 1125, Emperor Tianzuo of Liao was captured by the Jin army, and the Liao Dynasty was destroyed.

In the winter when the Liao Dynasty was destroyed, Jin sent his troops south and launched a massive attack on the Northern Song Dynasty.

At that time, the rule of the Northern Song Dynasty was decadent and defenseless.

The Jin army quickly crossed the Yellow River and advanced towards Tokyo.

Song Huizong panicked and quickly passed the emperor to his son Song Qinzong.

The war ministers organized military and civilian resistance, and the Jin army was repulsed.

After the Jin army retreated, the war ministers were squeezed out, and the anti-Jin army and people's struggle was suppressed.

When the Jin army went south, they burned, killed, and looted along the way, and the people in the north suffered serious disasters.

Soon, the Jin army went south again and captured Tokyo.

In 1127, the Jin army kidnapped Song Huizong, Song Qinzong, and 3,000 concubines and ministers, and the Northern Song Dynasty was destroyed.

(Historically known as the Jingkang Incident) In the same year that the Northern Song Dynasty fell, Zhao Gou, the younger brother of Qinzong of the Song Dynasty, became emperor in Yingtian, and later made Lin'an the capital, which was historically called the Southern Song Dynasty.

Zhao Gou is Song Gaozong.

In the early years of the Southern Song Dynasty, the Jin army went south several times to pursue the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty.

Later, when the Jin army retreated north, the Southern Song Dynasty anti-war general Han Shizhong blocked the Jin army in Huangtiandang for 48 days.

Immediately afterwards, the famous anti-Jin general Yue Fei regained Jiankang, which was occupied by the Jin army, and the Jin army was forced to withdraw to the north of the Yangtze River.

In 1140, the Jin army launched a large-scale attack on the Southern Song Dynasty, and the Southern Song Dynasty sent troops to resist.

The Song army led by Yue Fei defeated the Jin's main cavalry in Yancheng and took advantage of the victory to regain many lost territories. Other Song armies also achieved many results.

Song Gaozong and the powerful minister Qin Hui were afraid that the anti-Jin forces would grow and threaten their rule, so they asked Jin for peace.

Emperor Gaozong of the Song Dynasty issued a series of edicts ordering Yue Fei and others to lead the army.

In 1141, their military power was lifted.

Then Yue Fei was killed.

In 1141, the Song and Jin Dynasties reached a peace agreement, stipulating that the Southern Song Dynasty would profess tribulation to the Jin Dynasty; the line starting from the Huai River in the east to Dashanguan Pass in the west would be the Jin ruling area to the north, and the Song ruling area to the south; the Southern Song Dynasty would send annual coins to the Jin Dynasty.

A confrontation between Song and Jin took shape.

Later, in order to strengthen his rule over the Yellow River Basin, Jin moved the capital to Yanjing and renamed it Zhongdu.

In addition, the Northern Song Dynasty also had wars with Xixia.