1. What is the current situation of resource development and environmental quality in China?

1. At present, the development and utilization of major natural resources such as mineral resources, energy resources and water resources in China is huge?

during the tenth five-year plan period, China's total energy consumption increased rapidly, from 1.35 billion tons of standard coal in 21 to 2.22 billion tons of standard coal in 25, an increase of 64.4%. China's total water resources account for 6.5% of the world's total, and the total water consumption accounts for 15.4% of the world's total. The development and utilization rates of water resources in the Yellow River Basin, Huaihe River Basin and Haihe River Basin have reached 7%, 6% and 9% respectively.

The internationally recognized development and utilization rate of river water resources should be less than 4%, otherwise it will endanger river health and river basin safety. In the past few years, China's consumption of major resources accounted for the proportion of the world's total increase, including energy, coal, oil and steel, ranking first in the world, and the scale of resource development and utilization is huge. ?

2. The efficiency of resource development and utilization in China is not high?

At present, the utilization efficiency of raw materials in China is low and the waste is serious. The consumption intensity of unit output value is much higher than the world average, and the output level of unit resources is only 1/1 of that of the United States and 1/2 of that of Japan.

taking water resources as an example, the total amount of water consumed by agricultural irrigation in China accounts for 7% of the total water consumption. However, due to the water conveyance mode, irrigation mode, farmland water conservancy infrastructure, farming system, cultivation mode and other reasons, the utilization rate of agricultural water is not high, only 3%-4% in channel irrigation area and only 6% in pump well irrigation area, which is lower than the level of 8% in developed countries. ?

3. The discharge of pollutants is large, and the ecological environment is seriously polluted and destroyed?

China's total pollutant emissions are large, with SO2 and NOx emissions per unit GDP being 8-9 times that of developed countries, energy consumption and CO2 emissions ranking second in the world, and daily water consumption and daily average sewage emissions ranking first in the world. The organic sewage emissions are equivalent to the total emissions of the United States, Japan and India, and the pollutant emissions per unit GDP are more than ten times the average level of developed countries.

4. Insufficient investment in environmental protection and large historical debt?

overall, the treatment of environmental pollution in China is slow at present, and the speed of treatment can't keep up with the speed of destruction and pollution. The key environmental treatment projects are not effective and prone to repetition. Although China's total investment in environmental protection has increased, its proportion in the gross national product is still low.

Mr. Qu Geping, a senior expert on environmental issues and management in China, the first director of the New China Environmental Protection Bureau and the chairman of the China Environmental Protection Foundation, thinks that the phased tasks of environmental protection in China have never achieved the expected goals. In April 26, he attended the opening forum of Tongji-HSBC Future Leaders' Seminar on Environment and Sustainable Development and said that "the targets set in the environmental protection plan have never been completely completed in 25 years".

the lack of investment in environmental protection has caused a large historical debt, and the use efficiency of limited investment is not high. In addition, the environmental pollution has a long time span, a wide geographical range, a large amount of pollutants and complex pollution types, which has aggravated the difficulty of environmental pollution control in China. ?

second, what are the main causes of China's resource and environmental problems?

1. Pay too much attention to economic indicators in performance appraisal?

after the reform and opening up, taking economic construction as the center has been placed in the primary position of China's economic and social development. For a long time, economic indicators have become the main basis for the performance evaluation of party and government leaders, making party and government leaders pay too much attention to GDP growth and even gain short-term economic growth at the expense of resources and environment.

due to the lack of obvious constraints on resources and environmental protection in the performance appraisal, local governments are not enthusiastic about resources and environmental protection, and it is often difficult to get the supporting funds for environmental protection in the budget. In addition, the social capital investment is limited, which makes China's environmental protection investment insufficient for a long time.

2. Extensive economic growth mode and unreasonable energy structure have caused serious resource consumption and environmental pollution?

in the current division of labor in the international market, China has become a world processing factory, undertaking the industrial transfer of high-input, high-consumption and high-pollution economy with high labor intensity in the international market. Over the years, economic growth has taken the extensive development path of high input, high consumption and high pollution, and the growth of economic aggregate is based on the massive consumption of resources and serious environmental pollution to a considerable extent. ?

China is one of the few countries in the world where coal is the main energy consumption. At present, China's coal production and consumption account for more than 3% of the world total. It is estimated that 7% of the national soot emissions, 9% of SO2 emissions, 67% of nitrogen oxides emissions and 7% of CO2 emissions come from coal combustion, which is an important cause of soot-type air pollution and acid rain pollution in China. ?

Extended information:

The main reason for the increasingly serious environmental pollution in China is the sharp increase in primary energy consumption accompanied by rapid development, and most of them are coal-fired.

Just like other East Asian countries, China's economic development is driven by exports; However, in the case of focusing on improving industrial productivity, there are basically no measures for ecological protection and pollution control to reduce pollutant emissions. In terms of biological resources, China has developed a biodiversity action plan to protect threatened species and habitats.

There are different statistics about the annual losses caused by environmental pollution in China: the State Environmental Protection Administration pointed out that the pollution losses reached 3% of GDP in 24; It is also estimated that the environmental loss reaches 5-1% of GDP, and the number of people who die from air pollution reaches 358, every year.

It is reported that Xie Fuzhan, director of the National Bureau of Statistics of China, confirmed that the government will not release green GDP data again. The Wall Street Journal said that the estimated data on the environmental cost of China's economic growth hindered the performance evaluation and image of local officials, which was controversial and too sensitive and had been resisted by local government officials.

Resources: Baidu Encyclopedia-China Environment