1, public offering. That is, issuing government bonds through public bidding in the financial market.
According to the subject matter of tender, the public tender for the issuance of national debt is divided into three forms: payment period, price and yield.
According to the bidding rules, there are unit price bidding (Dutch style) and multi-price bidding (American style).
2. Bearing method. That is, financial institutions take over all the national debt, and then turn to social sales, and the unsold part is borne by financial institutions themselves.
3. Sales method. That is, the government entrusts marketing agencies to use the financial market to directly sell government bonds.
4. Payment and distribution methods. That is, the government should pay cash instead of government bonds.
5. Compulsory apportionment method. In other words, the state uses political power to force its citizens to buy government bonds.
Benefits of buying government bonds:
1. There are many sales outlets for voucher-type government bonds, which are convenient for purchase and redemption and simple in procedures;
2. You can report the loss in real name and keep it safe;
3. The interest rate is higher than the bank deposit rate of the same period 1-2 percentage points (but lower than bearer and book-entry treasury bonds), and the interest is calculated progressively according to the holding time when redeeming in advance;
4. Although the voucher-type treasury bonds cannot be listed and traded, they can be redeemed in advance, which is flexible and the location is nearby. If investors have special needs, they can exchange cash at the original point of purchase at any time;
5. The interest risk is small, and the interest is calculated in advance according to the holding period and the interest rate of the corresponding grade. The interest rates of all grades are higher than or equal to the bank deposit rates for the same period, so there is no risk that time savings deposits can only be withdrawn in advance and bear interest on demand;
6. There is no market risk, the certificate-based government bonds cannot be listed, and the price (principal and interest) at the time of early redemption does not change with the change of market interest rate, which can avoid market price risk.