The reading guidance partner system was first produced in medieval Mediterranean coastal cities in Europe, and it is the oldest organizational form. Because of the popularity of maritime trade, capitalists are unwilling to venture out to sea after the realization of capital accumulation, so they invest in seafarers to transport and sell goods and distribute profits according to the proportion of capital contribution. In case of loss, the investor only bears the responsibility according to the proportion of capital contribution, while the navigator bears unlimited responsibility. "Kangmengda" is regarded as the embryonic form of partnership. This form of partnership gradually expanded to land trade in the later period, and there appeared dormant partnership and joint venture. Today, I mainly introduce the partner system model and the types of partner system.

1. Partner system mode:

(1) Partner grading mode

Diversified development and platform-based companies can adopt grading mode, which generally integrates various business units and has quite different requirements for personnel's quality and ability. Not only do different business units need different abilities, but they also need

the quality of the overall business unit's comprehensive ability. Partners who meet the ability requirements of different sectors are junior partners, and those who can meet both ability requirements are senior partners.

the biggest feature of the grading model is the combination of various business units, which requires the participation of partners in different business sectors, and senior partners provide guarantee for the overall business development of the company.

Diversified business portfolio, attracting partners with different abilities, and at the same time, senior partners ensure the unity of the whole company platform. This business model is applicable to regional branches of headquarters.

(2) Partner classification mode

The classification mode is suitable for businesses that are dependent on capital and human capital, such as investment and wealth management, fund securities, etc. This mode includes general partners and limited partners. General partners have greater business decision-making power and bear unlimited responsibilities for the company; However, the limited partner has no actual influence on the company's operation and management, and only bears limited liability to the company, and its decision-making power and distribution power are relatively small.

this model is suitable for those enterprises with capital-intensive and scattered equity, mainly to ensure unified decision-making power.

(3) Partner executive mode

This mode is suitable for enterprises like the Internet, and its biggest feature is its high degree of flattening. The management of flat organization is similar to that of partner system, which mainly operates in small teams, and everyone is responsible for the operating results and profitability, although there is no clear distribution of individual equity. In this mode, there is no need to redesign the management mechanism, and it is enough to maintain effective incentives for employees on the basis of the existing structure. This model is mainly used in the management mechanism of the company's top management team, which can ensure the unity of team decision-making and prevent the organization from being excessively separated

(4) All-partner system model < P > All-partner model is essentially a change in incentive mode, which only allocates a small amount of equity or grants employees equity interests without decision-making power, and will not have an impact on the actual decision-making mechanism of the company. The full partner system is similar to other models in specific design.

2. Types of partner system:

(1) Two-tier shareholding structure model

The two-tier shareholding structure has become a widely used shareholding structure in the United States and Canada. Generally, companies issue two different stocks A and B in the market. A shares represent the same shares and the same rights, and B

shares are generally held by the founders of the company, which has several times (generally 1 times) voting rights than A

shares. By giving the founders and investors different voting rights, we can meet the actual control needs of the founders. Companies that adopt this structure are generally family businesses or emerging industries, and the founders or core personnel of the company want to have control over the company.

(2) Business partnership model

In industries where human capital plays a major role, such as consulting companies, investment and wealth management, and securities funds, or in platform enterprises that need to integrate various business sectors, partners are generally divided into two types according to the principle of equality of responsibilities and rights: junior partners and senior partners. Junior partners are often only responsible for specific business within the company or the leader of a small team, with high independence to operate the team, independently carry out business development and operation, and share the profits of the team operation; Senior partners need to undertake cross-functional or cross-departmental responsibilities. For example, Alibaba adopted this mechanism at the beginning of its business.

(3) Business partnership model

The management feature of the business partnership model is that it moves the same business goal from the company level to the transaction level, which does not involve the change of legal entity or industrial and commercial registration information, nor does it take a fixed organization as a profit-sharing unit, but takes a certain business, product, project and region as an independent accounting unit to make virtual shares or project follow-up. This model is common in the domestic real estate industry.

Vanke's partner system is typical, and its main contents mainly include shareholding plan and project follow-up.

The typical practitioners of the partner system in China mainly include Vanke, Haier, Alibaba, Huawei and other enterprises. The partner system is gradually widely used in China, which can provide new impetus and mechanism for the development of enterprises. With the development of China entering a new era, the social economy has developed in an all-round way with high quality, and the era of human capital has arrived. The partnership system has become an organizational system that is most closely integrated with the reality of contemporary China, which can better meet the management needs of contemporary enterprises and has a broad application space. Kang Zhijun believes that "knowledge workers will truly dominate their own career and future as business partners, and the employment era is disintegrating, and the partner era is coming soon".