China is a big agricultural country in the world, and at the same time it is a country with relatively backward agriculture. In recent years, the lag of agricultural development in China has also attracted the active attention of the country, giving farmers more support in policy, capital and technology. However, a series of unfavorable news about some agriculture recently can't help but make people seriously think about where the agricultural problems in China are and where the way out is. I have also made some thoughts on this issue, and finally summed up the following personal views.

First, the problems faced by agriculture in China

First of all, from the perspective of agricultural management mode

At present, most places in China are still intensive small-scale peasant management mode, especially in some underdeveloped areas. This is a policy formulated by China in the last century, which has been extended to this day. There is no denying that this policy has played a great role in promoting the development of agriculture for a long time after it was formulated. However, with the in-depth development of market economy, especially after China's entry into WTO, this model has become increasingly unable to adapt to the fierce market competition because of its lack of flexibility and inefficiency, and its operation has become difficult.

the characteristic of market economy is that prices are influenced by the law of value. This requires that the management strategy of agriculture should consider the whole situation, formulate a reasonable production structure, and change the variety and quantity of production in time according to the changes of the market to withstand the ups and downs of the market. Under the small-scale peasant economy management mode, operators often only pay attention to immediate interests and decide what to produce according to the current market conditions, and the products are very single and the structure is very unreasonable. In this way, the income may be obvious in the short term, but due to blind mass production, the market of this product will soon become full and the price will drop rapidly. After failing to reap good income, the operators can only invest a lot of money to operate new products that are popular in the market at present and embark on the chase again. > Lose-> The strange circle of switching camps (in fact, switching camps may not necessarily get good returns, because the production cycle of agriculture is usually long, and it may be a completely different market when there is product output after switching camps). This has seriously affected the market competitiveness of domestic agriculture, and will also affect the enthusiasm of producers in the long run. This year's harvest of litchi in Guangdong has to be sold cheaply, and a large number of wax gourd are unsalable, which is largely caused by this phenomenon.

Secondly, from the production process,

At present, most agricultural production in China is still at a rough and low-level stage, and the investment in science and technology is very limited, which leads to the following embarrassing situation for agriculture in China.

first of all, the output of agricultural products is unstable, and operators depend on the weather for food. The output of agricultural products is greatly influenced by weather and climate, but at present, the technology of operators is not enough to avoid disadvantages and achieve stable production. It is often that the good weather is the year when the output is good and the income is relatively high, but it is not. It is mentioned above that all operators have a bumper harvest in the New Year, but the supply exceeds demand and the price can't go up. The harvest was not good in the early years. Therefore, after a hard year's work, after removing a lot of inputs such as fertilizers and pesticides, there was not much money that could eventually fall into the pockets of the operators.

secondly, low productivity, poor product quality and weak market competitiveness. At present, the mechanization and automation of agricultural production in many parts of China are still very low, especially in some western areas, so the productivity is naturally difficult to compare with those in developed agricultural countries. The problem caused by low productivity is that it is difficult to form economies of scale. In addition, due to the rough production technology and the excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, the quality of our agricultural products can not be guaranteed, as can be seen from the frequency of reports of excessive pesticides in agricultural products. Under the premise of market economy, the price-performance ratio of a product largely determines the market share of the product. According to the survey, the high-quality fruits in China only account for about 4% of the total output, and the products that can meet the standard of gift fruits only account for about 5% of the total output, and a large number of them are lower-middle fruits, especially the appearance is worse. According to the survey, the average CIF price of imported apples is about 3.9 yuan/kg, citrus is 4. yuan/kg and banana is 1.9 yuan/kg, which is equivalent to the wholesale price level of similar fruits in China, but the overall quality is obviously higher. The price is almost the same, and the quality is inferior to others. In order to survive, our products must be sold at a lower price. In fact, at present, the retail price of imported fruits on the market is twice or even higher than that of similar domestic fruits.

finally, it is the technical problem of storage and preservation of agricultural products. This has affected the development of our product market, and it is difficult to make a new breakthrough in sales.

Finally, from the perspective of marketing strategy,

Traditional agricultural producers often only care about a large number of blind production, but do not participate in the sales problem after production is completed, resulting in the disconnection between production and sales. In this way, producers can't grasp the market information in time and formulate corresponding marketing strategies according to the subtle changes in the market. Sometimes the unsalable products are not due to the imbalance between supply and demand, but to the marketing strategy.

what traditional operators ignore is the establishment of brand image. A good brand image is a huge intangible asset and a good guarantee for sales. However, it is still difficult to find a local brand of agricultural products that is very popular with consumers and has a certain position in consumers' minds. Even if there is, it is likely that the quality of the products is not well controlled in the production process, which leads to the decline of brand image and the smashing of their own signboards.

another problem is that most of the transactions in the agricultural products market in China are primary products, and no attention is paid to the further exploration of the value of products-lack of deep processing of products. Deep processing of products can not only enhance the added value of products, but also increase the diversity of products, broaden the market and improve the competitiveness and adaptability of the market.

II. My suggestion

From the above, China is facing many problems at present. There is still a long way to go to realize the modernization of agriculture. I think the most important and effective way to accelerate the pace of agricultural development is to actively build township enterprises and encourage the development of agricultural products processing industry. On the one hand, it can introduce an active market competition mechanism for our agricultural production, increase the sales and market competitiveness of agricultural products, on the other hand, it can absorb a large number of surplus labor in rural areas and promote the reform and progress of agricultural business model.

in addition, the government will increase technical support for agriculture (including increasing the supply of cheap production machines, excellent varieties and other means of production, sending senior technical instructors, setting up training courses, etc.) and formulate preferential policies for agricultural production, sales and transportation, which will have a positive effect on agricultural progress.

what is the current situation of agricultural fertilization in China?

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---------. The annual average fertilizer consumption is about 5 million tons (equivalent to pure fertilizer), accounting for about 35% of the world's fertilizer consumption. There are great differences in utilization efficiency in different regions, especially in the eastern coastal areas, which not only leads to waste of fertilizer resources, but also brings serious hidden dangers of cultivated land pollution.

in recent years, with the support of the national policy of benefiting farmers, farmers' enthusiasm for growing grain has been greatly improved, and the demand for chemical fertilizers has maintained a rapid growth trend. Driven by strong market demand, the total output of chemical fertilizers in China has also increased year by year. Although China is a big producer of chemical fertilizers, it is also the largest consumer of chemical fertilizers in the world. In addition to excessive nitrogen fertilizer production, it needs to import a large number of phosphate fertilizers and potash fertilizers to make up for the shortage. Since 25, under the objective conditions that the increase of production cost leads to the increase of fertilizer price, excessive fertilization and low fertilizer utilization rate directly lead to the increase of fertilization cost per mu of land by more than ten yuan.

for a long time to come, China will gradually improve the utilization rate of fertilizer and the productivity of land by popularizing soil testing and formula fertilization technology, measuring and adjusting the nutrient composition of land, improving the use structure of fertilizer, and popularizing the use of high-concentration compound special fertilizer.