Catalogue and country profile

geography

politics

economy

Military culture and education

travel

diplomacy

Angola has another solution.

country profile

Republic of Angola (Republic of Angola).

Area 1.2467 million square kilometers.

The population is13.96 million (2004). There are mainly Ouwendu (about 38% of the total population), Mbendu (25%), Ba Congo (14%), Ronda and other ethnic groups. The official language is Portuguese, and the main national languages are Textual Tudor, Kimbento and KiCongo. 49% people believe in Roman Catholicism, 13% people believe in Protestantism, and most of the rest residents believe in primitive religions.

Luanda, the capital, has a population of about 4 million (2004).

José Eduardo dos Santos, head of state, has been in office since September 1979.

Independence Day (National Day):165438+1October 1 1.

geography

This profile is located in southwest Africa. It borders Congo (Brazzaville) and Congo (Kinshasa) in the north, Zambia in the east, Namibia in the south and the Atlantic Ocean in the west, with a coastline of1.650km.. Most areas have a tropical grassland climate with an average annual temperature of 22℃; The south has a subtropical climate.

Historically, it belongs to Congo, Ndongo, Matamba and Ronda. 1482, the Portuguese colonial fleet arrived for the first time, 1576 established Luanda city. At the Berlin conference of 1884 ~ 1885, Ann was classified as a Portuguese colony. 1922, Portugal occupied all of Angola. 195 1 year, Portugal changed Angola into an "overseas province" of Portugal and sent a governor to rule. Since the 1950s, Angola has successively established three national liberation organizations: the Angolan People's Liberation Movement (referred to as the Angolan People's Movement), the Angolan National Liberation Front (referred to as the Angolan National Liberation Front) and the National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (referred to as UNITA), and launched an armed struggle for national independence in the 1960s. 1975 65438+1October 15, Angola and the Portuguese government reached the Arbour Agreement on Angola's independence, and formed a transitional government with the Portuguese authorities on June 65438+1October 3/kloc-0. Soon, armed conflict broke out between SPLA, UNITA and ANLF, and the transitional government disintegrated. On June165438+1October1day of the same year, the Angolan People's Movement announced the establishment of the People's Republic of Angola, and Agosti Newt Neto was elected President.

After independence, Angola was in a state of civil war for a long time. Under the impetus of Portugal, the United States and the former Soviet Union, the Angolan government signed the Bice peace agreement with the opposition UNITA headed by Savimbi on May 36. 1In August 1992, the Angolan Parliament decided to change its name to Angola. In September, Angola held its first multi-party general election. An Renyun won the parliamentary election and took the lead in the presidential election. UNITA refused to accept the election results and plunged into civil war. In February 2002, UNITA leader Savimbi was killed by government forces. On April 4th, the Angolan government signed a ceasefire agreement with UNITA. Angola ended its 27-year-long civil war, achieved comprehensive peace, and entered the post-war recovery and reconstruction period.

politics

Politics and Governance In 2005, the security situation remained stable and the economy gradually recovered. The Angolan government regards consolidating peace, deepening national reconciliation and restoring development as the core of its administration, and its work focuses on national economic construction, thus accelerating the pace of national reconstruction. At the same time, the preparations for the national elections have also made progress.

Constitutional Law The current Constitution was promulgated in 1975, 165438+ 10/,and has been revised four times. According to the Constitution, Angola's primary goal is to eliminate the legacy of colonialism and build a prosperous, democratic and exploitative country. Implement a multi-party system; * * * The term of office of the President of the Republic is five years, and he can be re-elected; The President is also the head of government and commander-in-chief of the armed forces, and has the power to promulgate or abolish laws, declare a state of war or peace, and appoint and remove government ministers, senior military generals, governors, attorneys general, judges of the Supreme Court, etc. The Constitution also stipulates that Angola will not join any international military organization and will not allow foreign countries to establish military bases on its own territory.

The National Assembly of Angola is the highest legislative body of the country. Main functions: amending the Constitution and approving, amending or canceling laws; To review and approve the legislative work in the NPC Standing Committee; Supervise the implementation of the Constitution and laws; Supervise the work of state and government organs; To approve the national economic plan and the national budget and supervise their implementation; Give Amnesty; Declare martial law and emergency law, and authorize the president to declare a state of war or peace. The term of office is five years, and regular meetings are held twice a year.

The current parliament was formed in June 1992 1 1 according to the results of multi-party elections. At present, among the 220 seats in Parliament, the Angolan People's Movement holds 129 seats and UNITA holds 70 seats. The other 2 1 seats were won by another 10 political party. President Roberto Antonio de Almeida (An Renyun, elected in 1996).

Government The Government of National Unity and Reconciliation was established in1April 19971KLOC-0/and reorganized on February 5, 2002. After the reorganization, the post of Prime Minister was re-established, with 29 ministries and the President as the head of state and government. The list of Prime Ministers and Ministers is as follows: Prime Minister Fernando dos Santos "Nando", Assistant Prime Minister Aguinaldo Jaime, and Minister of National Defense Kundi Paihama. Interior Ministers osvaldo Van Dunem, Joao Miranda, Planning Ministers Anna Diaz Lorenzo and Virgilio Pereira, Land Management Minister, Finance Minister Jose de Moles, Oil Minister Desiderio Da, Industry Minister Joaquim Duarte David, Agriculture and Rural Development Minister gilberto Buta Lutukata, Fisheries Minister Salomao Xilinbinbi, and Transportation Minister Andrei. Joaquim Muafuma, Minister of Trade, Sebastio Belloso, Minister of Health, Antonio Britti da Silva, Minister of Education, Joao Kussumua, Minister of Relief and Social Resettlement, Manuel Aragao, Minister of Justice, Antonio Neto, Minister of Administration, Employment and Social Security, Hendrik Neto, Minister of Information, Eduardo Chingungi, Minister of Hotel Tourism, Licinio Ribeiro, Minister of Posts and Telecommunications, Candida da Silva, Minister of Family and Women Promotion, Pedro Van-Van-Dunem, Minister of Veterans, Francisco Carneiro, Minister of Public Works, Jose Barrica, Minister of Youth and Sports, Jose Botelho, Minister of Energy and Water Resources, and Amadeu Jose Mauricio, Governor of Central Bank of Manuel Africa.

199365438+February, the State Council, People's Republic of China (PRC) was established according to the Constitution. The Committee is the president's political advisory body, which aims to listen to and concentrate the opinions of people from all walks of life in the country for reference when the government formulates policies. * * * People's Republic of China (PRC) the State Council is composed of executive, legislative and judicial leaders, chairmen of political parties with parliamentary seats, and 65,438+00 social celebrities, religious figures and grand chiefs appointed by the President.

The judiciary consists of the Supreme Court, the Military Tribunal, the Court of Appeal and the General Prosecutor's Office of People's Republic of China (PRC). Military courts are under the direct leadership of the National Defense Security Committee. The Court of Appeal deals exclusively with appeals. The Attorney General's Office is the national legal supervision organ, which is directly led by the President. Cristiano Andre, President of the Supreme Court. Attorney General augusto dacosta Da Caneiro took office in July 2002.

Political parties began to implement multi-party system from 199 1. There are 125 legal political parties in China. The main political parties are:

(1) The Angolan People's Liberation Movement (MPLA) has been the ruling party since its independence. 1956 was established in February. 1990, the Third National Congress of the Angolan People's Movement decided to abandon Marxism-Leninism, change the Party into a mass party, set the strategic goal as "democratic socialism", and decided to implement a multi-party system in Angola. From June 5 to February 5, 2003, the Angolan People's Movement held its fifth national congress and elected a new Central Committee. President dos Santos was re-elected as the party's chairman, and Antonio Neto and Julio matthaeus were elected as the party's vice-chairman and general secretary respectively.

(2) National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (UNITA for short). Main opposition party. Founded in March 1966, Jonas Savimbi is the founder. The armed struggle against Portuguese colonial rule began at 1967. 1975 At the beginning of this year, the Angolan Movement, the Angolan Liberation Front and the Portuguese authorities formed a transitional government. After the civil war broke out in Angola, it moved to rural areas and jungle mountains to carry out guerrilla activities against the Angolan people's movement government. Bises peace agreement was signed with the Angolan government at 199 1. 1992 registered as a legal political party and participated in the general election of that year. The Lusaka Protocol was signed with the government. 65438+1September 1998, internal division, some senior members set up the UNITA Innovation Committee, and made public the opposition party chairman Savimbi. On February 22, 2002, Savimbi was killed by government forces. Since then, UNITA and the government formally signed a ceasefire agreement, completed demilitarization, and announced that it would give up the goal of seizing power by armed forces. In June 2003, UNITA held its ninth national congress and elected new leaders: Isaiah Samakuwa, Chairman of the Political Committee, and Mario Vatuva, General Secretary.

The more influential political parties are: FNLA, Social Democratic Party (PSD), Democratic Reform Party (PRD), National Democratic Party of Angola (PNDA), Angola Democratic Forum (FDA), Angola Democratic Progressive Alliance Party (PDP-ANA), Democratic Alliance Federation (AD-Coligacao) and Angola Youth Workers and Peasants Alliance Party (PAJOCA).

Important person José Eduardo dos Santos: President, Chairman of the Angolan People's Movement. 1942 was born in a worker's family in Luanda on August 28th. Since middle school, I have actively participated in the struggle against colonial rule and for national independence. 196 1 joined the angolan people's movement, 1962 served as the youth vice-chairman of the angolan people's movement and the representative of the angolan people's movement in Congo. 1963- 1970 studied petrochemical and communication in the Soviet union and obtained a master's degree. From 65438 to 0975, he served as Minister of Foreign Liaison and Minister of Health of the Central Committee of the Angolan People's Movement, and was elected as a member of the Central Committee of the Angolan People's Movement and a member of the Political Bureau of the Communist Party of China (CPC) Central Committee. After Angola's independence, it has successively served as Minister of Foreign Affairs, First Deputy Prime Minister, Minister of Planning, Director of Planning Committee, Secretary of Culture, Education and Sports of the Central Committee of the Angolan People's Movement, Secretary of the Ministry of National Reconstruction and Secretary of the Ministry of Economic Development and Planning. 1979 in September, he served as chairman of the People's Liberation Movement-Labor Party, chairman People's Republic of China (PRC) and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. 1980 1 1 is the speaker of the people's assembly. 1985 65438+February,1990 65438+February and1998 65438+February were re-elected as the chairman of the Angolan People's Movement. 1988 and 1998 visited China twice.

economy

Economically, it has implemented a market economy and has a certain industrial and agricultural foundation. However, years of war have seriously affected economic development and destroyed infrastructure. Petroleum industry is the pillar industry of national economy. After peace was achieved in 2002, post-war reconstruction was in full swing. In 2005, the economic operation was stable, the recovery speed was accelerated, and various industries developed. The government has adopted a series of reform measures, giving priority to the development of infrastructure projects related to the national economy and people's livelihood, implementing economic restructuring, stabilizing the macroeconomic situation, accelerating the privatization of state-owned enterprises, encouraging the development of the private economy, and increasing investment in infrastructure reconstruction. The main difficulty facing economic development is the serious shortage of funds.

Gross domestic product (2004): 20 1 billion USD.

Per capita gross national income (2004): 1030 USD.

GDP growth rate (2004): 1 1.2%.

Currency name: Kwanzaa (Kz).

Exchange rate (September 2005): 1 USD = 89.2 kwanza.

Inflation rate (2004): 365,438+0%.

Unemployment rate (2003): 54%.

(Source: World Bank, International Monetary Fund and Angolan official estimates)

Oil, natural gas and mineral resources are abundant. The proven oil reserves are 654.38+025 billion barrels and the natural gas reserves are 7 trillion cubic meters. The main minerals are diamond, iron, phosphate, copper, manganese, lead, tin, zinc, tungsten, gold, timely, marble and granite. The preliminary proved reserves of diamonds are nearly 200 million carats, iron ore is 65.438+0.7 billion tons, manganese ore is nearly 65.438+0 billion tons and phosphate is 200 million tons. The forest covers an area of 53 million hectares and produces precious wood such as ebony, African white sandalwood and rosewood. Rich in hydropower and marine resources.

Industry, mining, oil and diamond mining are the pillar industries of the national economy. In 2005, the output value of petroleum industry accounted for 50% of GDP, and the annual crude oil output was 435.2 million barrels, ranking second in Africa. At present, the daily output of oil is 6.5438+200,000 barrels. Angola is the seventh largest diamond producer and the fourth largest diamond beneficiary in the world. In 2004, the crude diamond output was nearly 665,438+million carats, with an output value of about 800 million US dollars. The main industries are cement, building materials production, automobile decoration, textile and clothing, food and aquatic products processing.

Agricultural land is fertile, rivers are densely covered, and natural conditions for developing agriculture are good. The agricultural population accounts for about 65% of the national population. The northern part is a cash crop producing area, mainly planting coffee, sisal, sugarcane, cotton, peanuts and other crops. The central plateau and southwest China are grain-producing areas, mainly planting corn, cassava, rice, wheat, potatoes, beans and other crops. The annual grain output in 2004-2005 was 65,438+904,000 tons. Food is not self-sufficient, and there was a grain shortage of 625,000 tons in 2005.

Fishery resources are abundant. Fishing is an important industry in Angola, with about 50,000 employees. The total catch in 2004 was 230,000 tons. The fishing ground has good natural conditions and can be operated all year round. Most small and medium-sized fishing companies have been privatized.

Transportation is mainly by road. Years of civil war have seriously damaged transportation facilities. According to the Angolan government's estimation, the repair and reconstruction will cost about 654.38+0 billion US dollars.

Highway: The total mileage is 73,000 kilometers, of which 6.5438+0.8 million kilometers is asphalt pavement and the rest is sandy pavement, with a total length of 25,000 kilometers.

Railway: with a total mileage of 2,800 kilometers, there are three trunk lines: Benguela, Namibe and Luanda-Malange. The Benguela Railway, with a total length of 1.350 km, is connected with the railway in the Democratic Republic of Congo and was once one of the railway transportation trunk lines in southern Africa. Due to years of war, only some sections are currently in operation.

Water transport: The total tonnage of the shipping fleet exceeds 654.38+10,000 tons, and major ports such as Luanda, lobito and Namibe can dock 10,000-ton cargo ships. In 2004, Luanda Port handled 3,654,380+tons of cargo, accounting for 70% of the total import and export volume in China.

Air transport: Angola Airlines is a member of ICAO, and its air passenger and cargo transport volume ranks fifth in Africa. There are 32 airports in China. Luanda International Airport can take off and land large passenger planes, with regular flights to Portugal, France, Britain, Belgium, Russia, Brazil, Congo (Brazzaville), Congo (DRC), Gabon, Cape Verde, Ethiopia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Namibia, Sao Tome and Principe and other countries.

Telecommunications is relatively backward. As of June 2005, the number of mobile phone users reached 1 10,000, accounting for 8% of the total population. The number of fixed telephone users is less than 6.5438+0000, and the penetration rate is less than 654.38+0%. 200 1, Angola announced that it would abandon the state monopoly on the telecommunications industry, and the privatization ratio could reach up to 40%. The main telecom companies are: state-owned Angola Telecom and private United Telecom. In 2004, Angola United Telecom earned 240 million US dollars, with 540,000 users, and its business share accounted for 65% of the whole country.

Finance In 2003, the fiscal revenue was 3.378 billion US dollars, the fiscal expenditure was 4.276 billion US dollars, and the fiscal deficit was 898 million US dollars.

At the end of 2004, foreign exchange reserves stood at US$ 654.38 billion, and total foreign debts stood at US$ 654.38 billion.

Foreign trade in 2005, the total foreign trade was about $29 billion. The foreign trade situation in recent years is as follows (unit: billion US dollars):

2002 2003 2004 2005

84.6 Exit 92.4 130 200

Import 39.7 40.8 52 90

The difference is 44.951.678110.

In 2004, the main export products were oil and diamonds, and the main import products were consumer goods, raw materials and machinery and equipment, automobiles and spare parts. Imports mainly came from Portugal (19.2% of Angola's total imports in that year), South Africa (12.6%), Brazil (7.6%), China (6.5%) and South Africa.

Foreign capital is mainly concentrated in petroleum industry, diamond mining, public works, construction, fisheries and processing industries. In recent years, attracting foreign direct investment ranks among the best in African countries, reaching $654.38+04 billion in 2003, ranking second in Africa. The main investors are the United States, France, Italy, Belgium, Britain, Portugal, Japan, Brazil, South Africa and South Korea.

Foreign aid is 201,and foreign aid is 268 million US dollars. Bilateral assistance is mainly provided by the United States, Japan, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and Portugal. Multilateral assistance mainly comes from EU, IDA, UNICEF, UNHCR, UNDP and other organizations.

The standard of people's living wage is formulated by the state. The national minimum monthly wage is about $50. The salary of administrative, technical and managerial personnel is twice that of workers. Cadres and workers can take a paid vacation for one month every year. Free medical care is implemented throughout the country. According to the statistics of the Angolan Ministry of Health in 2002, there are 8 national hospitals, 277 health centers and 6 medical stations 17 16, with an average of 0.46 doctors, 27 nurses 1.27 beds per thousand people.

Angola is one of the least developed countries in the world identified by the United Nations. According to the Global Human Development Report published by the United Nations Development Programme in 2002, Angola's human development index is 0.403%, ranking 16 1 in the world. The average life expectancy in Angola is 40. 1 year, the population growth rate is 2.8%, and the birth rate is 5. 1%. In 2003, the mortality rate of children under five years old was 250 per thousand. According to figures released by Angolan media, in 2003, 68% of the Angolan population lived below the poverty line. More than 20,000 people died of malaria; The number of people infected with AIDS exceeds 1 10,000, accounting for 8.6% of the total population.

Military culture and education

Military 1995, the Angolan government and UNITA reached an agreement on the formation of a unified army. In 2003, the total strength of the Angolan Armed Forces was over 654.38 million, including 90,000 troops in the army, 6,000 troops in the air force and 4,000 troops in the navy. The reserve is 65,438+00,000. The head of state is also the commander-in-chief of the armed forces. Agostinho Lian "Cingal", Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces. The national defense budget in 200 1 year accounts for 4. 18% of the total national budget.

Cultural education education system is divided into basic education, secondary education and higher education. Basic education is compulsory and lasts for 8 years. Children start school at the age of seven. The New Neto University in Agosti is the only national comprehensive university, and there are two private universities. In 2004, the proportion of children receiving preschool education was 7%, the enrollment rate of primary school was 52%, the enrollment rate of middle school was 5%, the enrollment rate of university was 0.5%, the literacy rate of the population over 0/5 years old was 67%, the total number of registered students was 2.6 million, and the public education expenditure accounted for 2.8% of GDP. (Source: Ministry of Planning of Angola, World Bank)

The press and publication "Angola Daily" is the official Portuguese daily newspaper, which was founded on 1923 and has a circulation of over 40,000 copies. The Bulletin of the Republic of China is the official periodical in Portuguese. Bei 'angora and Branch are sponsored by An Renyun, and The Voice of Workers is sponsored by the Workers' Federation. Foreign Trade and Energy is a professional magazine and quarterly.

Angolan news agency: the national news agency, with nearly 100 journalists and 7 foreign branches.

National Radio Angola: broadcasts in Portuguese and many national languages, and broadcasts in Portuguese, Spanish, English and French.

Angola TV: State-run, broadcasting 15 hours every day.

travel

Musulo is an important scenic spot, located in the south of Luanda, the capital of Angola. It takes about 15 minutes by motor speedboat. It is a famous tourist attraction in Angola and a weekend resort for domestic and foreign tourists. The small island system consists of a sandbar formed by the confluence of Kuanzha River and seawater over the years. It is surrounded by water and has the best beach in the country. Some beaches are silvery white, shining in the sun, just like a string of gems embedded in the seaside of Luanda. There are dense plants, coconut trees, papaya tree and mango trees on the island, and there is a tropical scenery. There are all kinds of buildings on the island, from modern holiday villas to African thatched houses with different shapes. Visitors can take the opportunity to take a speedboat to the island, take a walk on the beach, fish or engage in water sports, go to a special restaurant to barbecue and taste seafood, or take a boat tour around the island to enjoy the scenery of Msulu Bay. There are also famous tourist projects such as Moon Valley and Slave Museum near the island.

Angola Anthropology Museum is one of the most famous museums in Angola, with tens of thousands of visitors every year. The museum has two main buildings, which were built in18th century. It used to be the residence of the rich in Portugal. In 1930s, Ann Diamond bought the building and expanded it. After Angola's independence, the state turned this building into a museum, which was officially opened to the public at the beginning of 1976+0 1. The museum mainly has 12 exhibition hall, 1 library and 1 conference room. The exhibits are mainly physical objects, with some models, wood carvings, miniature landscapes and pictures, reflecting the history and unique traditional cultural customs of the main tribes in Angola, where men plow and women weave and sacrifice their ancestors. The exhibits include various tools, utensils and weapons used by Angolan ancestors for farming, grain processing and storage, wine making, smelting, casting, hunting, fishing, raising livestock and cooking. Traditional percussion instruments, clothes made of bark, women's headdresses, belts, wedding and funeral offerings, power struggles symbolizing political rights used by rulers and tribal leaders, tribal hats, carved red wooden chairs and noodles, and polygamy make a courtyard layout model of a big family; Totems, worshippers, sacrificial masks and sacred objects of traditional and western religions.

Angola Military Museum is one of the most famous buildings in Angola. Built in 1575. It is a castle built by Portuguese colonists at the intersection of Luanda Bay and the island, and it is also a symbol of Luanda's open construction. After independence, it was converted into a military museum. At present, there is a showroom in the museum, which displays some guns, clothes, models and pictures used during Angola's anti-colonial armed struggle and Angola's civil war. In the courtyard of the museum, there are also bronze statues of famous poets such as Portuguese kings, governors and Camons cast during the Portuguese colonial period. The museum is also the commanding height of Luanda. Boarding the castle, you can overlook the presidential palace, Luanda seaside avenue and enjoy the beautiful scenery of Luanda Bay. Luanda is a good place to enjoy the scenery and take photos.

diplomacy

Foreign relations pursue a foreign policy of peace and non-alignment; Advocate the establishment and maintenance of diplomatic relations with all countries in the world on the basis of mutual respect for sovereignty, non-interference in each other's internal affairs, equality and mutual benefit; Call for the establishment of a new international economic order. It is a member of the Southern African Development Community, the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, the Economic Community of Central Africa and the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries. Established diplomatic relations with about 100 countries. After the realization of peace in 2002, the main objectives of the Angolan government's diplomatic work are to do more work for peace consolidation and post-war reconstruction, give play to the role of economic diplomacy, actively strive for more foreign aid and investment, further participate in international and regional affairs, and contribute to regional peace and stability. From June 65438+1 October1day, 2006, An officially became a member of the United Nations Economic and Social Council for a term of three years.

In 2005, President dos Santos visited Brazil (May), Argentina (May) and Israel (July) respectively, and attended the inauguration ceremony of the new Namibian President Pohamba (March), the funeral of Pope Paul II (April) and the African Union Summit in Libya (July). During the year, Namibian President Nujoma (February), Mozambican President guebuza (April), Guinean Prime Minister Gomes (April), new Namibian President Pohamba (April), Ivorian President Gbagbo (June) and Sao Tome and Principe Prime Minister Seta (July, 165438+ 10) visited Angola. Portuguese President Sampaio, Sao Tome and Principe President De Menezes and Congolese President Sassou attended the 30th anniversary celebration of Angola's independence (165438+1October).

Relations with China 1983 65438+ 10/2 Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and …, the friendly and cooperative relations between the two countries have been developing continuously. The year 2005 marks the 30th anniversary of Angola's independence. President Hu Jintao called President dos Santos to congratulate him.

According to the statistics of the Ministry of Commerce of China, in 2005, the total trade volume between China and Angola was US$ 6.95 billion, up by 4 1.6% year-on-year, of which China exported US$ 370 million and imported US$ 6.58 billion.

Ambassador of China to Angola: Zhang Beisan. Venue: Luanda President Juan Ali Boumeddin 196-200. Tel: 444658 (duty room), 44 1683, country code: 244-222. Fax: 444 185. Company office address: Rua Fein O Mendes Pinto, No.26-28, Alvared, Luanda, Angola. Tel: 320367. Fax: 324049.

Ambassador of Angola to China: Jo? o Manuel Jo? o Manuel Bernardo. Venue: Beijing Tayuan Diplomatic Office Building 1- 13- 1. Tel: 65326968, 65326839. Fax: 65326969.

Relations with the United States1In July 1985, the United States announced the abolition of the Clark Amendment and publicly supported UNITA and provided it with military assistance. From 65438 to 0990, the United States participated in promoting peace negotiations between the two sides of the Angolan conflict. 199 1 became an observer of the implementation of the peace agreement. 1992, Anmei set up a representative office. 1993, the United States announced that it recognized the Angolan government and the two countries established diplomatic relations. 1995, president dos Santos paid his first official visit to the United States. The two countries signed an agreement on economic, technical and material assistance. Angola is the third largest trading partner of the United States in southern Africa, and the United States is the second largest investor in Angola, investing about $3 billion in Angola. About 70% of Angola's crude oil is mined by American companies and sold to the United States (accounting for 7% of the crude oil imported by the United States). In 2002, US aid to Angola was $654.38 billion+200 million euros. In May 2004, President dos Santos visited the United States again.

Relations with African countries Angola attaches great importance to developing relations with African countries, and has close relations with neighboring Zimbabwe, Namibia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and has formed a defense alliance.

Angola has another solution.

Ankara, the capital of Turkey, was translated into Angola, and there are still sayings of Angora rabbits and Angora goats (whose hair is mohair).