1. What parts do academic papers generally consist of? What is the writing standard of each part?
1 Introduction
1. 1 The purpose of this standard is to unify the writing and editing formats of scientific and technological reports, dissertations and academic papers (hereinafter referred to as reports and papers) and facilitate the collection, storage, processing, retrieval, utilization, communication and dissemination of information systems.
1.2 This standard is applicable to the writing format of reports and papers, including table composition, title description, writing, editing, printing and publishing.
Reports and papers referred to in this standard can be manuscripts, including handwritten and typed copies and their copies; It can also be printed, including papers published in journals or conference proceedings and their preprints, printed copies and variants; Monographs written as part of a book or independently; Microforms and other forms.
1.3 this standard is applicable to all or part of other scientific and technological documents, such as annual reports, brochures, memos, etc. , and technical documents.
2 definition
2. 1 Science and Technology Report
Scientific and technological reports describe the achievements or progress of scientific and technological research, or the results of technology development tests and evaluations; Or discuss the current situation and development of a scientific and technological problem.
The scientific and technological report is intended to be submitted to the competent scientific and technological institutions, science foundations and other organizations or persons in charge of research. Generally speaking, scientific and technological reports should provide enough information systematically or according to the working process, which can include both positive and negative results and experiences, so that relevant personnel and readers can make judgments and evaluations, and propose amendments to the conclusions and suggestions in the reports.
2.2 Dissertation
Dissertation is an academic paper that shows that the author has made creative achievements or gained new insights in scientific research, and is written with this as the content, which is used as an evaluation when applying for the corresponding degree.
The bachelor's degree thesis should show that the author has really mastered the basic theory, professional knowledge and basic skills of the subject, and has the preliminary ability to engage in scientific research or undertake professional and technical work.
The master's thesis should be able to show that the author has really mastered the solid basic theory and systematic professional knowledge of this subject, has new views on the research topic, and has the ability to engage in scientific research and independently undertake specialized technical work.
The doctoral thesis should show that the author has mastered the solid and extensive basic theory and systematic and in-depth professional knowledge of the subject, has the ability to engage in scientific research independently, and has made creative achievements in science or special technology.
2.3 academic papers
An academic paper is a scientific record of an academic topic by means of experiments, theories or observations, with new scientific research achievements or innovative ideas and knowledge; Or apply the known principles to the scientific summary of the new progress made in practice for reading, communication or discussion at academic conferences; Or published in academic journals; Or written documents for other purposes.
Academic papers should provide new scientific and technological information, and their contents should be discovery, invention, creation and progress, rather than repeating, imitating and copying the work of predecessors.
2 file saved to "200.doc file under the student number folder"
Assuming that the literature related to a certain topic is searched, the total number of documents in the system is 1 000, and the total number of documents related to this topic is 1 000. The system has retrieved 50 articles, including 25 articles related to this topic. Please calculate the recall and accuracy of this system (calculation formula is required).
The recall rate is 50/ 100=0.5.
Accuracy ratio 25/50=0.5
3. Save the file to the 300.doc file under the student ID folder.
Download the picture of "Red Earth Enamel Peony Cup" in Kangxi period (the picture size is 8cm*8cm).
4. Save the file to "500.htm file under the student number folder".
Look up the word "pronunciation and explanation" and save the webpage.
5. Save the file to "400.swf file under the Student ID folder".
Download the Flash animation of Liaoning Technical University homepage.
6. Search the homepage of "Wan Fang Data" and consult the information of "celebrities" with the help of the database provided by this website. Requirements:
1. China first-class registered architect-Xu Yishui.
2. Download "Simple Information" to the examinee folder "Xu Yishui.htm" file.
7. Save the file to "700.htm file under the student number folder".
Through the "China Subject Literature Database" in the National Library of China: www.nlc.gov.cn and China Scientific Literature Service System, search for articles published by "Zhang Xiangdong" and download home page information (at least including title, author and source).
8. Search "China National Intellectual Property Administration" (/) website, and download the patent homepage of "Waterproof Shoes and Their Manufacturing Methods" to the file "Patent.htm" in the examinee's folder with the help of the original patent database provided by this website.
Download an article entitled "Solar Energy" through "China Scientific Papers Online" and save it in "Scientific Papers". The pdf file is placed in the examinee's folder.
10 downloaded the related literature titled "Scientific Outlook on Development" from VIP Chinese Sci-tech Journal and saved it in VIP Papers. Txt "file is placed in the examinee's folder.
1 1
Download a related document entitled "Solar Energy" through China HowNet Network Database, including title, author, author unit, abstract and keywords, and save it in the "CNKI.txt" file under the examinee folder.
12 was searched in "CNKI network database" through "Chinese citation database": Professor Zhang Yongli of our school was cited by the first author after 2000.
13 searched the related standard file titled "Milk" through "Wan Fang Data" and saved the "Detailed Summary Information" of a file to "Standard". Htm "file is placed in the examinee's folder.
14 self-reliance title:
1. Check the "China Scientific and Technological Achievements Database" to see if there are any scientific and technological achievements related to your selected research topic. If yes, record the following related contents:
Total number of relevant scientific and technological achievements: of which:
Name of achievement:
Result holder:
Date of signing the result:
Achievement appraisal unit (institution):
Brief introduction of achievements: (text or picture)
2. Check the "Chinese Academic Conference Literature Database" to see if there are any conference papers related to your selected research topic. If yes, record the following related contents:
Total number of related conference papers: 1 conference paper:
Paper title:
Author:
Minute name:
Page number of the article:
Conference name:
Meeting place:
Session:
abstract:
3. In order to retrieve the most relevant journal articles, you need to provide:
Retrieved database:
Retrieval year: Number of articles lent:
Search term (formula):
One of the papers:
Name of published periodical:
Title:
Author:
Key words:
abstract:
Conclusion:
15 the true answer is yes.
Evaluation of teachers: teachers have strong professional ability, wide knowledge, are very familiar with what they teach, explain clearly and think clearly; Pay attention to the cultivation of students' thinking ability, practical ability and expression ability, and the classroom effect is good; Combining teaching with practice, combining theory with practice, simplifying the complex and making teaching easy to understand.
Teaching suggestion: it can give students more practical opportunities, and some websites can't log in outside the school, so they lack practical time.