Three major problems to be solved in new energy industry in 211
Facing 211: Three major problems to be solved
However, looking forward to the future, there are still many problems to be solved for China to take the lead in the new energy industry revolution. First, there is a lack of core technology and core raw materials, which lurks deep crisis. For example, the motor manufacturing technology of wind energy and the purification technology of polysilicon and monocrystalline silicon all depend on foreign countries; The core raw material of nuclear energy is uranium, but China's reserves are small, and most of them need to be imported, so it is easy to be controlled by others after the scale is expanded.
Second, the industrial development foundation is weak. For example, the standardization of the new energy automobile industry needs to be carried out urgently, including energy consumption standards, environmental protection standards, purchase subsidy standards, etc., and its supporting facilities such as charging stations are not perfect enough; The talent pool is insufficient, and there are different degrees of talent gaps in nuclear power, wind power, solar energy and related equipment manufacturing.
Third, the business model is still immature. For example, if new energy vehicles want to develop rapidly, they need to be supported by a business model that conforms to the national conditions, so that every link in the industrial chain can benefit, and normal business exchanges and business competition can be carried out. The risks of power companies, battery factories, vehicle manufacturers and charging stations can be shared, and the benefits can be shared.
facing 211, China's new energy industry should strive to do the following work. First, improve the scientific and technological research and development system, establish a flexible and efficient scientific and technological investment mechanism, build a high-quality and high-level professional talent team, implement an efficient and powerful incentive mechanism, stimulate the innovation enthusiasm of scientific researchers, build an all-round and self-centered international cooperation platform, and make full use of international innovation resources.
second, lay a solid foundation for industrial development, including speeding up the standardization formulation and revision of wind energy, hydropower, smart grid, electric vehicles, energy conservation and emission reduction, environmental protection, subsidies, etc. in line with the national new energy policy; Expand the enrollment scale of new energy specialty in colleges and universities, and implement the long-term internship and training mode of cooperation between industry and university; Attract social funds and increase investment in infrastructure construction related to new energy; Establish various forms of new energy industry alliances to promote healthy competition and cooperation among relevant stakeholders.
Third, explore new business models, such as rapidly increasing the scale by gathering resources such as technology, talents, government support, labor force and equipment; Or through the introduction of overseas funds, product technology to overseas listing, improve international competitiveness; Or carry out extensive strategic cooperation with international enterprise giants, joint research and development, and obtain independent intellectual property rights.
in p>21, the new energy industry continued to grow strongly. Countries are scrambling to make relevant industrial plans and preferential policies, increase investment in innovation, actively cultivate the market, and strive to seize the commanding heights of competition. For example, the European Union issued a new energy strategy "Energy 22: A Competitive, Sustainable and Safe Development Strategy", Japan revised the "Basic Energy Plan", and the United States accelerated new energy legislation. Under the leadership of major countries, the pace of new energy technology progress and industrial structure adjustment has accelerated, and the new energy industry revolution has been fully launched.
China: New energy industry rises suddenly
The total investment of new energy industry in China has surpassed that of the United States in 29, which is mainly due to the firm industrial support policy adopted by the central government. The Decision of the State Council on Accelerating the Cultivation and Development of Strategic Emerging Industries not only lists the new energy industry as the focus of cultivation and development at this stage, but also includes the energy-saving and environmental protection and new energy automobile industries closely related to it. It is reported that the Development Plan of Emerging Energy Industry has also been submitted to the State Council for approval. This fully reflects the importance attached by the state to this field, and the prospect of new energy industry is generally optimistic.
local governments, as the main promoters, actively responded to the call and took the new energy industry as a pillar industry to focus on development. For example, Shandong Province will allocate 1.2 billion yuan in the next three years, focusing on supporting clean energy demonstration projects such as solar photothermal and photovoltaic utilization, wind power generation, biomass energy utilization and ground source heat pump; During the Twelfth Five-Year Plan period, Jilin Province will focus on building a new energy industrial base in four major areas: wind power, solar energy, biomass energy and nuclear power. Hebei Province proposes to build 1 green energy demonstration counties and 1 green energy demonstration townships, and cultivate more than six "giant" new energy equipment manufacturing enterprises with annual sales income exceeding 1 billion yuan.
with the strong promotion of local governments, new energy enterprises in China have grown rapidly. For example, Wuxi Suntech has become the largest manufacturer of solar cells in China and one of the leading enterprises in the global photovoltaic industry, BYD has become one of the largest suppliers of automotive power batteries and a leader in new energy vehicles, Huarui Wind Power has become the largest manufacturer of wind turbines in China and one of the largest suppliers of wind power equipment in the world, and CGNPC has become one of the key enterprises in nuclear power operation in China and a leading integrated clean energy service group. These enterprises are not only famous at home, but also competitive internationally.
in order to accelerate the healthy and rapid development of the new energy industry, all localities have also made great efforts to promote industrial clusters and encouraged enterprises to form industrial technology alliances with scientific research institutions. For example, Beijing has established the Capital New Energy Industry Technology Alliance including six industrial technology alliances of solar photovoltaic, solar photothermal, wind energy, biomass energy, shallow geothermal energy and nuclear energy; Sichuan Shuangliu, as a national high-tech industrialization base of new energy equipment, takes photovoltaic, photoelectric, photothermal, nuclear and wind energy as the direction to build a new energy industrial cluster of 1 billion yuan; Jilin Province takes advantage of the development of automobile industry to build two new energy automobile industrial clusters, Changchun and Liaoyuan. According to statistics, at present, more than 1 new energy industrial bases have been established in China, all of which are very large in scale.
In order to ensure the industrial development and deliver high-quality and high-level professionals, the Ministry of Education has decided to add 14 new majors to college enrollment from 211, all of which are related to strategic emerging industries determined by the state. At present, many colleges and universities have added new energy-related majors. For example, North China Electric Power University has successively added undergraduate nuclear engineering and technology, water conservancy and hydropower engineering, wind energy and power engineering, hydrology and water resources, and engineering cost. Xiamen University has added photovoltaic engineering, nuclear energy engineering, chemical energy engineering and energy economics at the master's and doctoral levels; Zhejiang University has added new energy science and engineering and ocean engineering and technology majors at the undergraduate level.
It can be seen that the new energy industry has been fully rolled out in China, from the central government to local governments, from the government to enterprises, scientific research institutions and universities, and it is showing a vigorous development trend through the mutual cooperation of all links. At present, China has become the world's largest R&D and export base of new energy industry, clean energy market, wind turbine generator producer and solar panel producer, and the country with the largest nuclear power under construction in the world, and has also been in a pioneering position in the field of new energy vehicles.
New Energy: A New Battlefield of Great Power Game
The sudden emergence of new energy industry in China has challenged the dominant position of developed countries and aroused strong reaction from the United States. At the request of united steelworkers union, the U.S. government initiated a 31 investigation on China's new energy policies and measures, accusing China of taking non-market subsidies to support its clean energy sector, which violated the relevant provisions of the World Trade Organization. At present, the U.S. government has filed a lawsuit with the World Trade Organization against China's subsidies to wind energy manufacturers. China responded positively, saying that its practice was in line with international practice. In contrast, the subsidy for clean energy in the United States was even worse.
The trade friction between China and the United States reflects that the new energy industry has become the battlefield of the big countries' game. Since Obama took office, the United States has been seeking the dominance of new energy; As the birthplace of green economy and low-carbon economy, Europe is naturally unwilling to lag behind; Japan is short of fossil energy and uses new energy to make up for its shortcomings; China is a big country of energy consumption. Although new energy started late, it made the fastest progress. In view of the fact that the new energy industry not only entrusts with the dream that the United States will lead the global economy in the 21st century, but also entrusts with the dream that Europe will become the "next Middle East", that Japan will become a big energy exporter and that China will become a "great power", it can be expected that the international competition in the field of new energy will become more intense in the future.