Algae: kelp, laver, Undaria pinnatifida, agar, Gracilaria, Eucheuma.
Crabs: Scylla serrata, Portunus trituberculatus, etc.
Fish: pike, mullet, Nile tilapia, red snapper, black snapper, grouper, bass, large yellow croaker, American red snapper, flounder, puffer fish, etc.
Shrimp: Penaeus China, Penaeus monodon, Penaeus penicillatus, Penaeus vannamei, Penaeus japonicus and Penaeus vannamei.
Others: sea urchin, sea urchin, starfish, sea cucumber, jellyfish, etc.
What is the most profitable abalone in mariculture? Abalone is one of the precious "sea treasures", which is delicious and nutritious, and is known as the "soft gold" of the ocean. Abalone is a precious marine edible shellfish, known as "table gold, the crown of marine treasures", with tender meat and rich nutrition. Abalone culture methods generally include raft culture at sea, industrial culture on land, caisson culture in sub-tidal zone of rock reef, bottom play and proliferation.
Salmon Salmon, also called salmon or salmon, is one of the commonly used fish ingredients in western food. Salmon has a flat body, a convex back, sharp teeth and small scales. It is silvery gray with orange stripes when laying eggs. Salmon meat is tight and delicious, pink in color and elastic.
Red King Crab The scientific name of Red King Crab is Kamchatka Stone Crab, and its weight can reach 10 kg. Huge pliers can snap people's fingers at once. One leg of the red king crab is enough for an adult man to have a full meal. It is considered delicious and expensive in Japan and America. Spreading the red king crab with a length of 1.5 meters and a weight of 10 kg can bring great disasters to other creatures in the marine world.
Swordfish Swordfish, also known as "Swordfish". It is a common fish in tropical and subtropical waters of the world, and it is named because the upper jaw extends forward like a sword. Swordfish is an important economic fish. The young swordfish with an annual output of about 35,000-42,000 metric tons in the world has delicious meat, which can be dried with salt and preserved for a long time. Can also be processed into canned food, fish sausage, fish ham, etc. This kind of fish is rich in fat and contains a lot of vitamins and potassium.
Pay attention to 1 in the selection of mariculture varieties, and give priority to the varieties with fast growth rate that can meet the commodity specifications after short-term cultivation.
Due to the low water temperature in winter in the north, the time suitable for fish growth in all seasons is shorter than that in the south. Therefore, in order to make full use of aquaculture facilities and limited growth period, it is required to choose varieties with rapid growth and short growth cycle.
2. Try to avoid choosing breeding varieties that can kill each other.
Deep-water fish culture in large cages is a high-density and intensive farming method. Therefore, cannibalism should be fully considered when selecting mariculture varieties, and cannibalism is easy to occur when the density is high. If cannibalism is serious, it will have adverse effects on management, environment and the realization of ideal economic benefits.
3. Select breeding varieties with high market value.
Because the production cost of large-scale cages in deep water is much higher than that of other aquaculture facilities, the production management cost is also high, and there are certain risks in the process of aquaculture. We should try our best to choose aquaculture varieties with high market value to ensure the economic benefits of aquaculture.
4. Give priority to breeding varieties with strong disease resistance.
Because of the high density of large cage culture in deep water, relatively speaking, fish have more opportunities to get sick and infected. Therefore, we must choose those varieties that have strong disease resistance and can live and grow normally under dense conditions.
5. Choose breeding varieties suitable for feeding artificial feed.
Deep-water cage culture has large water body and high culture density, and the whole production process basically depends on artificial feeding. When choosing breeding varieties, we must pay attention to the feeding habits and habits of the breeding objects, and we can eat artificially fed feed.
Marine aquaculture technology shrimp
Pond disinfection
1. Dredging: Dredging is to remove silt from the bottom of the pond 15-20cm. The dredging time should be arranged after shrimp harvest in winter and after the pond dries up every year, and special attention should be paid to the four corners of the pond. It is best to plow the bottom of the pond if possible, which is especially important for shrimp ponds with particularly thick mud at the bottom.
2. Sunbath: Sunbath can kill all kinds of pathogens and other harmful organisms and improve the sediment environment. Sun-drying ponds are generally carried out in rainy weather after shrimp harvest in winter, and it is better to sun-dry the bottom of the pond until it is cracked and white.
3. Poison pool: The purpose of poison pool is to kill all kinds of enemy creatures. Poison pool should be carried out 20-30 days before seedling release.
Water quality improvement
1. Water inflow: Check the filter before the water enters the disinfected shrimp pond to prevent copepods and small crustaceans with germs and viruses from entering the shrimp pond. The inflow velocity should be well controlled, and the gate should not be out of control or break through the filter screen due to excessive running water pressure.
2. Fertilizer and water: Fertilizer and water are used to cultivate basic feed organisms. This measure is one of the most important links in healthy farming.
3. No feeding, no row, no addition: This farming method is closed, and no feeding, no row, no water is added during the whole process from seedling release to harvest. Minimize the inflow of exogenous water into the shrimp pond.
4. Disinfection of water: In order to prevent the occurrence of diseases, the shrimp pond with chlorine dioxide was disinfected once 10- 15 days before seedling release, and the concentration was 0.05-0.08ppm.
5. Set up an aerator: The aerator is the main equipment for intensive shrimp culture at present. The aerator has the functions of saving fish and shrimp, removing waste gas, saving feed, increasing yield and preventing diseases.
Add shrimp seedlings
1. Identification of shrimp fry quality: Take out shrimp fry from different water layers and observe whether there are deformed, dead or inactive individuals. If this happens, it means that the shrimp seedlings in the pond are sick or sick. If you buy this kind of shrimp fry, it may lead to a complete failure of culture and greatly affect the survival rate.
2. Selection of shrimp seedlings: The shrimp seedlings must be desalinated, and the salinity of the culture pond is generally not less than 5‰ of the nursery pond. In order to ensure the number of shrimp seedlings, shrimp seedlings should be counted one by one instead of estimated. When making statistics, you can take a certain proportion.
Marine fish 1, cultured marine fish must disinfect the pond before throwing fry, ensure that the water source is fresh, clean and pollution-free, and prepare an aerator and a bait feeder.
Pay attention to the density when you put the fry, not too dense.
3. At the initial stage, feed some zooplankton and let it adapt slowly; Feed some more feed in a week or so.
4. Observe more at ordinary times and change water regularly to avoid infection.
Sea crab 1. Build a suitable pond, ensure that the outlet is convenient, the water source is sufficient, and the soil inside is preferably humus.
2. Do a good job of disinfection, and be sure to disinfect before putting crab seedlings.
3. Potatoes, small fish and shrimps can be fed during the growing period, preferably in the evening.
4. Clean up the residue in time to avoid water pollution.
Shellfish 1. First, the site selection should ensure the safety of the sea area and divide several operation areas.
2. Collect wild fry and put them into the sea area with rich bait. For some species that are easy to escape or very precious, they should be caged.
3. During shellfish culture, it is necessary to extend the feeding space and time to achieve the purpose of fattening.
Algae 1. Adding some base fertilizer to the mud can make the algae grow better and have more developed roots.
2. After the algae grow up slowly, some microorganisms can be added to improve the activity of nutrients in the soil below.
Don't apply too much fertilizer. Generally speaking, once a week is enough.
4. It is suggested that the fertilizer should be dissolved in water before being sprinkled, which can further prolong the time of staying on the surface of water.
sea cucumber
1, select breeding method.
According to the different breeding places, the artificial breeding methods of sea cucumber can be mainly divided into: pond culture on land and sea culture.
2. Build a swimming pool
Make sure to change fresh water every day. Generally speaking, the displacement of water should be about 30%, and the depth of the pool should be about1.5m. ..
3. Put artificial sea cucumber reefs.
Putting the artificial sea cucumber reef into the pond can provide a good habitat for sea cucumbers, and a large number of aquatic plants and algae can breed in the artificial sea cucumber reef, which is conducive to ensuring the wild reproduction of sea cucumbers.
Step 4 put in sea cucumber seedlings
If cultured in a pond of 10-30 square meters, 300-500 sea cucumber seedlings can be put in, and the survival rate of sea cucumber seedlings after being put in is about 35%. However, if the density, water temperature and water quality of sea cucumber seedlings are well controlled, it will be beneficial to improve the survival rate of sea cucumber seedlings.
5. Feeding of sea cucumbers
The compound feed can be fed 1 time every morning and evening, and the weight of the feed is about 3%-5% of the weight of sea cucumber. Generally, before feeding, the sea cucumber compound feed needs to be soaked in water 15 minutes before feeding.
Antibacterials commonly used in mariculture are mainly used to prevent and treat aquatic animal diseases caused by virus, bacteria and fungi infections. It is the most widely used and varied medicine in aquaculture. According to different sources, antibacterial drugs include antibiotics and synthetic antibacterial drugs.
Antiparasitic drugs Antiparasitic drugs refer to drugs that can kill or drive away parasitic pathogens in cultured animals in vitro or in a breeding environment. According to the function of drugs, they can be divided into three categories: anti-worm drugs, anti-worm drugs and crustaceans.
Disinfectant Disinfectant is a drug that acts on aquaculture water by splashing or soaking, and is used to kill harmful organisms or pathogenic organisms in animal body surfaces, tools and aquaculture environment, so as to achieve the purpose of preventing and treating diseases.
Chinese herbal medicines Chinese herbal medicines are processed or unprocessed medicinal plants, animals or minerals used for preventing and treating aquatic animal diseases and improving the physique of aquatic animals, among which plant medicines account for the majority, and roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits or whole grass of plants can be used as medicines. Chinese herbal medicine has the advantages of natural safety and mild efficacy, and its chemical composition is extremely complex. The main effective components include alkaloids, alkaloids, volatile oil, tannins, etc. It has therapeutic effects on viruses, bacteria, fungi and parasites, and also has the functions of promoting animal growth and improving meat taste.
Reproductive and metabolic regulators are drugs aimed at improving the metabolism of cultured objects, supplementing metabolic essential substances, enhancing physical fitness and promoting growth. At present, oxytocin, vitamins and growth promoters are commonly used in aquaculture to regulate the metabolism and growth of aquatic animals.
Environmental improver Environmental improver is a kind of organic or inorganic chemical substance with the purpose of improving aquaculture environment and removing toxic and harmful substances from aquaculture water. It has the functions of adjusting pH, adsorbing heavy metal ions, adjusting ammonia nitrogen content in water and improving dissolved oxygen. In terms of efficacy, some disinfectants can also be used as water quality improvers, and some water quality improvers also have disinfection effects, such as hydrogen peroxide (for aquatic products) as water quality improvers, which has oxygen-increasing effects and antibacterial and disinfection effects.
Vaccine vaccine refers to a preparation made by using microorganisms and their metabolites, animal toxins or animal blood and tissues to prevent and control the occurrence and prevalence of specific infectious diseases by physical, chemical or biotechnology means. Has specific immunity and belongs to the category of biological products.