(1) (The United States has been knocking on Japan's door for almost ten years,) Japan has become a semi-colony (2 points); Domestic social contradictions have intensified, and warriors from all walks of life have proposed respecting the king and resisting foreign countries (or brewing rebellion) (2 points); The ruling class urgently needs to examine the world situation to make clear its own development direction and foreign strategy (2 points).

(2) Among them, the "Qiang Bing" measures are most directly related to the inspection, such as importing weapons from the west, setting up military factories, hiring western instructors, implementing compulsory military service, forming a standing army, carrying forward the spirit of Bushido, and improving the combat effectiveness of the army; Send overseas students or study groups to understand the advanced technology of western countries (only 3 points, 3 points); Clearly put forward the strategy of "leaving Asia and entering Europe" (1 min); Also launched the Sino-Japanese war of aggression against China (2 points).

Test analysis:

According to the time information provided by the material "1862 ... the spear gun was made in China, but it was not exquisite, and the art of war and equipment were not western ... The husband used weak soldiers from today's Qing country, and the tattered firearms from the old country ... The so-called western-Lu combined warship system was even worse ..." and the remarks made by the princes during their inspection in Shanghai, combined with the Meiji Restoration in Japan,

(2) Combining the above viewpoints, the main gains of this investigation are to improve military modernization and learn from the West. It can be answered by combining the military modernization of Meiji Restoration and the westernization of civilization. ?