As mentioned earlier, the TCP/IP protocol helped ARPANET unify network protocol standards, and since then the Internet using the TCP/IP protocol standard was born.

So far, the development of the Internet has been almost entirely "science-led", and in this section we will talk about the development from the Internet to the World Wide Web (WWW).

Previous parallel advances in computer power and speed allowed the Internet to expand.

But scale expansion also brings problems.

By the early 1980s, when the Internet officially began operations, more and more people predicted that the entire network would eventually come to a standstill.

Two important events occurred during this period, which effectively alleviated network bottlenecks and promoted network development: The first important development was the introduction of the domain name server (Domain Name System) in 1984.

The second is that governments have decided to encourage the use of the Internet throughout the higher education system and formulated a series of favorable policies, which have promoted the further unification and prosperity of the Internet.

In 1984, the British government announced the establishment of JANET (Joint Academic Network) to serve British universities; in 1985, for the same purpose, the National Science Foundation (National Science Foundation) established the National Science Foundation Network (NSFNet) (to provide it with

A condition of the funding is that the network must be accessible to "all qualified users on campus").

This plan in the United States involves a series of decisions that are crucial to the development of the Internet: We note that the participants in the previous network basically had no commercial users. This was due to NSFNet excluding commercial users from its network.

Although NSFNet excludes business users from the network, it does not mean that they are not interested in the Internet.

Hardware and software vendors have been adding TCP/IP to their product packages for years, but their lack of experience with how the products worked meant they had trouble delivering products that met demand.

At this point, the Internet Activities Board (IAB) took a step forward: In 1985, the IAB organized the first seminar specifically for the private sector to discuss the potential (and current limitations) of the TCP/IP protocol. This discussion was held in

between government/academic scientists and the private sector, and between private entrepreneurs.

One of the important things is to ensure the interoperability of their products. By 1989, the number of hosts exceeded 100,000 for the first time, and climbed to 300,000 a year later.

But at this stage, the Internet is still a network for a few insiders, and it's still a pretty intimidating place for outsiders.

For example: access commands for finding data range from complex to incomprehensible, available documentation is mostly (highly) scientific, the display is unattractive (messenger script, no colors), finding things is a tricky business, transfer times are relatively slow

).

The main attractions for the business sector are e-mail facilities and the use of e-mail, news groups, "chat" facilities and computer games.

In the blink of an eye, we came to the late 1980s and early 1990s. This time point was a dividing point in the development of the Internet. There are several reasons: In the next section, we will talk about the development of WWW (World Wide Web).

stay tuned.