199 1 year, the Nobel Prize reached 6 million Swedish kronor, which is equivalent to the actual value when the Nobel Prize first exceeded 190 1. Since then, the Nobel Prize has increased year by year, 1992 and 1993 6.5 million Swedish kronor. In 2000, the five individual Nobel Prizes and the Nobel Prize in Economics reached 9 million Swedish kronor (US$ 654.38 +0 million), far exceeding the nominal price of the original fund and the actual value of the original prize. On the centenary of the Nobel Prize in 2006.5438+0, the amount of the Nobel Prize reached 654.38+0 billion kroner, and has remained at this level ever since.
According to alfred nobel's last wish, only the direct income of the Nobel Foundation-interest and dividends-can be used for the Nobel Prize. Previously, the capital gains from stock operation could not be used for the Nobel Prize, but from June 5438+ 10 1 in 2000, the Nobel Foundation was approved to use the capital gains from asset sales for the Nobel Prize. According to this new regulation, the proceeds from the sale of assets by the Nobel Fund can also be used for awarding activities and paying various fees "until they are no longer needed to maintain long-term good awarding ability". In addition, the Nobel Foundation can also make decisions on the share of assets invested in the stock market. In the long run, this means that the Nobel Foundation may invest a larger proportion of its assets in stocks, which will bring greater overall income and a richer Nobel Prize. Therefore, if the Nobel Foundation invests properly in the future,
How does the Nobel Foundation make money?
After alfred nobel died in 1896 12 and 10, he proposed in his will that a part of his legacy (9.2 million US dollars) should be used as a fund, and the interest should be divided into five categories: physics, chemistry, physiology or medicine, literature and peace, which will be awarded to scholars all over the world who have made great contributions to mankind in these fields. Along with its partially incomplete form, it attracted great attention and soon led to its suspicion and criticism. Only after several years of negotiations, consultations and sometimes even painful conflicts have countless difficulties and obstacles been overcome, can the basic concepts in Nobel's last wishes emerge in a stable mode with the establishment of the Nobel Foundation.
The Nobel Foundation is a private institution, whose duty is to protect the interests of the awarding institutions stipulated in Nobel's will and to represent the Nobel institutions. This includes various notification information activities and various arrangements related to awards, but the Nobel Foundation itself does not participate in the selection process and final selection of Nobel Prize winners. "An important task of the Nobel Foundation is to manage its assets in a way that can protect the awards themselves and the financial basis of the award process." .
Therefore, the investment policy of the Nobel Foundation should naturally take maintaining and increasing its funds, thereby increasing the amount of bonuses as the first important factor. The will itself instructs the executor to invest the remaining property in "safe securities". In the investment rules originally formulated by 190 1 for the board of directors, the term "security securities" was interpreted to mean gilt-edged securities according to the situation at that time.
The foundation encountered many setbacks in the first 50 years, and the tax issue was one of them. When the foundation was established, people had not thought about taxation. Although the guardian of the Nobel Testament has been asking for tax exemption for the investment activities of the foundation, no one has paid attention to it. Before 2004, the tax rate paid by the foundation was 10%, which was barely maintained. By 2004 it was 1968. The Swedish government passed the "temporary defense tax", which doubled the tax rate of the foundation. The accumulated tax burden in 2002 exceeded the Nobel Prize 1923.
Since then, whether foundations should be tax-free has become a topic in the Swedish parliament. This protracted discussion lasted for decades. It was not until 1946 that the result was obtained: the parliament agreed that the foundation enjoyed tax exemption. This decision of the Swedish parliament also infected Americans. The United States stipulates that the investment activities of the Nobel Foundation in the United States enjoy 1953 tax exemption.
The investment of the foundation began to shift from conservative to active. 1953, the government allows the foundation to invest independently and invest money in the stock market and real estate. This is a milestone change in the investment rules of the foundation. In the 1960s and 1970s, the amount of the Nobel Fund did increase a lot, but the real value of the fund did not increase due to several devaluations of the Swedish krona. By the 1980s, the stock market had developed rapidly. The assets of the foundation are constantly increasing, as is the property. However, in 1985, Sweden raised the real estate tax, which greatly reduced the income of the foundation. Two years later, the foundation made an important decision: transfer all the properties owned by the foundation to a newly established listed company with an interesting name called "recruiter". Later, the foundation sold all the shares of the "recruiter" company.
Because the Nobel Foundation manages money well, many countries in the world have followed suit. The two Japanese awards "Japan Award" and "Kyoto Award" set by 1985 are in the same level as the Nobel Prize in terms of the amount of bonuses. They are established and operated according to the Nobel Prize model. To this end, they also donated huge sums of money to the Nobel Foundation.
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