Instructions for use of potassium chloride injection
Drug Name Potassium Chloride Injection
Commonly known as potassium chloride injection
Ingredients The main ingredient of this product is potassium chloride.
Indications: 1. Treat hypokalemia caused by various reasons, such as insufficient eating, vomiting, severe diarrhea, application of potassium-expelling diuretics, periodic paralysis of hypokalemic families, long-term use of glucocorticoids, and supplementation of hypertonic glucose. 2. Prevent hypokalemia. When hypokalemia occurs in patients, especially when hypokalemia is harmful to patients (such as patients who use digitalis drugs), potassium salt should be supplemented preventively, such as eating less, severe or chronic diarrhea, long-term use of adrenocortical hormone, potassium deficiency nephropathy, Bart's syndrome, etc. 3. Digitalis poisoning causes frequent multi-source premature beats or rapid arrhythmia.
Packing specification 10ml: 1g
Usage and dosage for patients with severe hypokalemia or unable to take orally. General usage: Add10 ~15ml 10% potassium chloride injection into 500ml 5% glucose injection for drip (avoid direct intravenous drip and push injection). The dosage, concentration and speed of potassium supplementation depend on the clinical condition, blood potassium concentration and the improvement of potassium deficiency pattern in ECG. The concentration of potassium is not more than 3.4g/L (45mol/L), the rate of potassium supplement is not more than 0.75g/ h (10mmol/ h), and the daily amount of potassium supplement is 3-4.5g (40-60mmol). When potassium deficiency in the body causes severe rapid ventricular ectopic arrhythmia, such as torsade de pointes, short bursts, repeated multi-line ventricular tachycardia, ventricular flutter and other life-threatening serious arrhythmia, the concentration of potassium salt is higher (0.5%, even 1%) and the dropping speed is faster,1.5g/h (20 mmol). If the condition is critical, the concentration and speed of potassium supplementation can exceed the above provisions. However, it is necessary to observe blood potassium and electrocardiogram closely and dynamically to prevent hyperkalemia. The daily dose for children is 0.22g/kg (3mmol/kg) of body weight or 3g/m2 of body surface area.
Adverse reactions 1. When the concentration of intravenous drip is high, the speed is fast or the vein is thin, it is easy to stimulate the intima of vein and cause pain. 2. Hyperkalemia should be paid attention to when the infusion speed is fast or the original renal function is damaged. Once hyperkalemia occurs, it should be treated urgently.
Taboo 1. Patients with hyperkalemia. 2. Acute renal insufficiency and chronic renal insufficiency are prohibited.
Precautions 1. The function of renal potassium excretion in the elderly is decreased, and hyperkalemia is more likely to occur when potassium salt is used. 2. Use with caution in the following situations: (1) Metabolic acidosis with oliguria. (2) The function of adrenal cortex is weakened. (3) Acute and chronic renal failure. (4) Acute dehydration can reduce urine volume and K+ excretion in severe cases. (5) Familial periodic paralysis and hypokalemic paralysis should be supplemented with potassium, but hyperkalemic periodic paralysis or normal blood potassium periodic paralysis should be distinguished. (6) Chronic or severe diarrhea can cause hypokalemia, but at the same time it can cause dehydration and hyponatremia, leading to prerenal oliguria. (7) Patients with gastrointestinal obstruction, chronic gastritis, ulcer, esophageal stenosis, diverticulum, insufficient intestinal tension and ulcerative enteritis should not take potassium orally, so that the stimulation of potassium on the gastrointestinal tract will increase and the condition will worsen. (8) conduction block arrhythmia, especially when digitalis drugs are used. (9) Extensive burns, muscle trauma, severe infection, 24 hours after major surgery and severe hemolysis can cause hyperkalemia. (10) Adrenal abnormal syndrome with insufficient secretion of mineralocorticoid. 3. Disabled when hyperkalemia occurs. 4. The following follow-up examination should be done during medication: (1) blood potassium. (2) electrocardiogram. (3) Blood magnesium, sodium and calcium. (4) Acid-base balance index. (5) Renal function and urine output.
There is no special discovery in pregnant women's medication.
The function of removing K+ in the kidneys of the elderly who use drugs decreases, and hyperkalemia is more likely to occur when potassium salt is used.
Drug interaction 1. Adrenal glucocorticoids, especially mineralocorticoids, adrenocorticotropic hormone and ACTH can promote urinary potassium excretion, and the combination with this product can reduce the effect of potassium salt. 2. Anticholinergic drugs can aggravate gastrointestinal irritation caused by oral potassium salt, especially potassium chloride. 3. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs aggravate the gastrointestinal reaction of oral potassium salt. 4. When combined with reserve blood (containing 30mmol/L potassium below 10 day, and 65mmol/L potassium above 10 day), potassium-containing drugs and potassium-preserving diuretics, the chances of hyperkalemia increase, especially in patients with renal damage. 5. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and cyclosporine A can inhibit aldosterone secretion and reduce urinary potassium excretion, so it is easy to cause hyperkalemia when used together. 6. Heparin can inhibit the synthesis of aldosterone and reduce urinary potassium excretion, which is prone to hyperkalemia. In addition, heparin can increase the chance of gastrointestinal bleeding.
Pharmacological action Potassium is the main cation in the cell, and its concentration is 150 ~ 160 mmol/L, while the main cation outside the cell is sodium ion, and the serum potassium concentration is only 3.5 ~ 5.0 mmol/L. The body mainly relies on Na+-K+ ATPase on the cell membrane to maintain the concentration difference between K+and Na+inside and outside the cell. The state of acid-base balance in the body has an influence on potassium metabolism. For example, in acidosis, H+ enters the cell, and in order to maintain the potential difference inside and outside the cell, K+ is released outside the cell, causing or aggravating hyperkalemia. Metabolic disorders can also affect the acid-base balance. Normal intracellular and extracellular potassium ion concentration and concentration difference are closely related to some functions of cells, such as carbohydrate metabolism, glycogen storage and protein metabolism, excitability and conductivity of nerves and muscles, including myocardium.
The approval number is National Medicine Zhunzi H200 13005.
Therapeutic effect of potassium chloride injection
Hypokalemia can lead to dysfunction of myocardial cells and their conduction tissues, multiple myocardial necrosis, mononuclear and lymphocyte infiltration, and finally scar formation. The changes of myocardial function and structure caused by severe hypokalemia can directly induce or aggravate cardiac insufficiency, especially in patients with poor basic cardiac function.
The main component of potassium chloride injection and its chemical name: potassium chloride, which is a commonly used electrolyte balance regulator in clinic, has definite clinical effect and is widely used in clinical departments. Pharmaceutical industry is used as diuretic and medicine for preventing and treating potassium deficiency. Potassium chloride injection can play a regulatory role, and its main functions are as follows:
(1) Treat hypokalemia caused by various reasons, such as insufficient eating, vomiting, severe diarrhea, application of potassium-expelling diuretics, periodic paralysis of hypokalemic families, long-term use of glucocorticoid, and supplementation of hypertonic glucose.
(2) Prevention of hypokalemia. When hypokalemia occurs in patients, especially when hypokalemia is harmful to patients (such as patients who use digitalis drugs), preventive potassium supplementation is needed, such as eating less, severe or chronic diarrhea, long-term use of adrenocortical hormone, potassium deficiency nephropathy, Bart's syndrome, etc.
(3) Digitalis poisoning causes frequent multi-source premature beats or rapid arrhythmia.
The difference between potassium chloride injection and sodium chloride injection
Potassium chloride injection is mainly used to treat hypokalemia caused by various reasons, such as insufficient eating, vomiting, severe diarrhea, application of potassium diuretics, periodic paralysis of hypokalemic families, long-term use of glucocorticoid, and supplementation of hypertonic glucose. Prevent hypokalemia and potassium loss.
Sodium chloride injection can be used for water loss caused by various reasons, including hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic water loss; Hypertonic nonketotic diabetic coma can be corrected by using isotonic or hypotonic sodium chloride. Low chlorine metabolic alkalosis; External use of normal saline to wash eyes and wounds. It is also used to induce labor by water bag in obstetrics.
The difference between them lies not only in different indications, but also in that they are completely different solvents, but both of them have certain effects on dehydration. Potassium chloride injection can treat hypokalemia, and sodium chloride injection can treat dehydration caused by diarrhea.
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