1: Black Storm in North America

In the early morning of May 11, 1934, a black storm unprecedented in human history occurred in the grassland area in the western United States. The storm blew for three days and nights, forming a huge black storm belt which is 24 kilometers long from east to west, 144 kilometers wide from north to south and 34 meters high. Where the storm passed, streams were cut off, wells dried up, fields cracked, crops withered, livestock died of thirst, and thousands of people were displaced. This is a historic punishment of human civilization by nature. Due to the continuous reclamation of land resources and continuous deforestation by developers, soil wind erosion is serious, and continuous drought has aggravated the phenomenon of land desertification. Under the action of high-altitude airflow, dusty sand was rolled up, and thick dust rose into the sky, forming a huge gray-black storm belt. The New York Times published a special report on the front page of that day. The attack of the Black Storm had a serious impact on the agricultural and animal husbandry production in the United States, causing large areas of wheat that had already suffered from drought to wither and die, which caused the fluctuation of the grain market in the United States at that time and impacted the economic development. At the same time, the black storm looted all the way, scraping off the fertile soil surface and exposing the barren sandy soil layer, which changed the soil structure of the affected areas and seriously restricted the future development of agricultural production in the disaster areas.

2: Peru avalanche

Peru is located in the west of South America, with an endless coastline, which is more than 3, kilometers long. It is also a mountainous country, with a mountainous area accounting for half of the country's total area. The famous Vascalan peak in the Andes has a steep slope and steep cliffs. The mountains are covered with snow all the year round, and the "white death" often comes here. On May 31, 197, an avalanche occurred here, which completely destroyed the city of Yungayi under the Vaskaran Peak, killing 2, residents and affecting an area of 23 square kilometers. At this time, in cold areas, many people have fallen asleep.

suddenly, there was a thunderous noise in the distance. Then the earth, like a ship in the waves, suddenly lost control and trembled wildly. Then, from a distance came the sound of the sky were to fall. It was deafening and awakened people from their deep dreams. Those who are reading, entertaining and working at night are stunned by this sudden noise. People don't know what happened, and the house collapsed with a creak.

at this time, people realized that the earthquake disaster had come.

Those who haven't fled the house yet are all crushed in the collapsed rubble. Outside, it was cold and dark, and no one could see anyone but the rumbling crash.

suddenly, another thunder-like noise came from far and near, coming from the direction of vaskalan peak. After a while, the mountains and the earth cracked, snowflakes flew, and the wind blew on my face.

It turns out that a large-scale avalanche triggered by the earthquake broke out.

The earthquake cracked, loosened and shattered the rocks on the mountain peak, and the earthquake wave shattered the snow and ice on the mountain. Instantly, the snow, ice and gravel are like huge waterfalls, pouring down close to the cliffs, and falling almost 9 meters at the speed of free fall.

In the city of Yungayi, which was just hit by the earthquake, people were in shock, and then they were swept by Aurorus. Most of them were crushed to death under the snow and ice, and many people suffocated in the fast-moving Aurorus.

This is by far the biggest and most tragic avalanche disaster in the world.

III: Extraordinary floods in Bangladesh

In July p>1987, Bangladesh experienced the biggest flood in history. The sudden natural disasters caused by the torrential rains and strong winds in the past few days have made the unprepared residents feel at a loss. In just two months, 47 of Bangladesh's 64 counties were hit by floods and rainstorms, resulting in more than 2, deaths, 25, livestock drowned, more than 2 million tons of grain destroyed, 2, kilometers of roads and 772 bridges and culverts washed away, tens of millions of houses collapsed, and a large number of crops were damaged. The number of people affected reached 2 million. Bangladesh is located in the north of the Bay of Bengal, which belongs to the southeast of the Ganges Plain, with the East Gaozhi Mountains in the west. There are 23 rivers in the territory, and the annual flooding of rivers has caused great losses to Bangladesh. In addition, it is located in the monsoon area, and the southwest monsoon blowing from the Indian Ocean rushes to the low pressure area with warm and saturated water vapor. When blocked by mountains, it rains immediately. This makes Bangladesh, which is flat and low-lying, unable to escape floods.

The occurrence of floods has aggravated people's poverty, and the United Nations has launched two food supply plans. The implementation of only one plan will cost $2 million a year.

such a huge loss has not been paid attention to by the government. Nature has its irresistible force, but its damage can be reduced to a minimum through effective preventive measures. In September 1987, Bangladeshi Minister of Irrigation, Water Conservancy Development and Flood Control anis Islam Mahmoud said afterwards, "If we could reach an agreement with India and Nepal on the effective utilization of water resources in this region, that is, increasing river flow in winter and controlling floods in rainy season, we could have reduced the severity of the floods that occurred here in July and August." If his words had been done early, tens of millions of people would not have been homeless.

The flood not only brought poverty and hunger to people, but also bred a lot of bacteria. Various diseases are prevalent in the affected areas, with about 8, people infected with dysentery and nearly 1 people killed. This has undoubtedly made the life of the Bangladeshi people worse.

How to get rid of the severe disaster caused by floods and how to alleviate the crisis in this poor country in South Asia has become a major problem to be solved by the Bangladeshi government and has also attracted the attention of the whole world.

IV: Indian "black demon" plague

Rats not only steal food, but also bring the greatest harm to human beings by spreading germs. There have been many epidemic plagues in human history, and there have been three global plagues, with more than 1 million deaths and many towns extinct. According to literature statistics, the number of people who died of plague exceeded the sum of all the people who died in wars in history. No wonder people call this disease a "black monster". In September and October 1994, India suffered a deadly plague. On the second day after Quanshen Festival, surat Hospital received 3 patients with similar conditions. At first, the doctor didn't know that the patient was suffering from plague. However, people died one after another, and the news of plague epidemic in Radul near Maharashtra came, only then did they realize that a disaster had come. For a time, railway stations and bus stations were crowded with thousands of refugees. 3, surat citizens fled all directions in India, and at the same time brought plague and this fear to all parts of the country.

In less than two weeks, this terrible plague has spread to seven states of India and the administrative region of New Delhi. The arrival of the plague is undoubtedly a blow to the unprepared Indian authorities. India's Ministry of Health had to ask the World Health Organization and other countries for support to solve the urgent need.

The epidemic of plague caused people's extreme panic. This fear, like a fire, quickly spread to all parts of the world. Many countries have suspended their contacts with India. For India, the economic losses are incalculable. According to statistics, the cost of treating and preventing plague is as high as tens of billions of dollars.

People can't help asking, why is the plague, which has disappeared for many years, popular again in India? Experts agree that the outbreak of plague is caused by extremely dirty environment. It is said that surat is the dirtiest city in India, with slums, markets, streets and lanes, piles of garbage and stinking. During the plague epidemic, as many as 14 tons of garbage were cleared every day. Garbage everywhere has become a hotbed for rats to breed.

the eradication of rats should be the common mission of all mankind. Countries have successively established specialized organizations such as rodent control companies, and the United Nations has established corresponding rodent control institutions. The whole earth is waging a tough battle against rats. Although mankind has not yet found a way to completely eliminate rodent infestation, we all firmly believe that the continuous development of science will surely defeat rodent infestation.

five: poisonous gas at the bottom of Cameroon Lake

Pameta Plateau is a beautiful and intoxicating place.

On the night of August 21st, 1986, people were sleeping soundly when suddenly a loud noise ripped through the sky. Many people were deprived of their precious lives before they knew what had happened. That night, Nyos Volcano Lake, a volcanic lake on Pameta Plateau, located in the northwest of Cameroon, Africa, 4 kilometers away from the capital Yaoundé, suddenly spewed a lot of toxic gas from the bottom of the lake. It poured down the northern slope of the mountain like a flood and attacked several villages in the low valley ...

The next morning, on the beautiful hillside of Cameroon Plateau, the crystal blue Nyos River suddenly turned red. There are dead livestock and wild animals lying everywhere in the grass. The houses, churches and barns in the village near Nyos Lake are intact, but no one walks in the street. Walking into the house to find out, a shocking scene came into view, where there were dead people. What a sad sight it is! Among the dead were men, women, children and even babies.

From the mouth of the survivors, people know the course of the tragedy. With the sound of flying last night, there was a ghostly cylindrical steam spewing out of the lake. The whole lake suddenly boiled, and the waves hit the shore of the lake, reaching more than 8 meters into the sky, and then injected into the valley below like a column of clouds. At this time, a strong wind roared from the lake, pushing this cloud of smoke to neighboring towns with a suffocating stench.

According to incomplete statistics, at least 1,74 people were killed by poisonous gas, and a large number of livestock were killed. Gamnio village is closest to the volcanic lake and suffered the most. Of the 65 residents in the village, only 6 survived.

This poisoning incident immediately attracted great attention from all countries. Nyos Volcano Lake is also more famous in the world. Japan, Britain, the United States, France, Italy and other countries quickly sent emergency rescue teams and experts to measure the composition of the poisonous gas emitted from Lake Nyos. Who was the murderer? Experts are trying to find the answer.

After a period of hard work, we finally found out the composition of the toxic gas spewed out of Lake Nios. Experts agree that the emitted gas is mainly carbon dioxide, while the odor comes from hydrogen sulfide. While people conquered and demanded from nature, they were also mercilessly retaliated by nature. Poisonous gas at the bottom of the lake, a natural and sudden disaster, has made mankind taste the bitter fruit.

Six: Big Smog in London

London, England, which is known as the "foggy capital" of the world, is often shrouded in dense fog at the turn of spring and autumn, like a mysterious veil. According to statistics, the foggy days in London can be as high as seventy or eighty times a year, and there is a "foggy day" in five days on average. Whenever the fog comes, the diffuse fog not only affects traffic and causes accidents, but also directly harms people's health and even threatens people's lives.

Compared with the situation in 1952, London today is a clean city. At that time, there were coal-fired power plants in London, and there were many factories not far from the city center. Most households burn coal to keep warm. Steam locomotives powered by coal pulled trains into the capital. There is little control over the exhaust gas produced by cars and trucks.

On December 4th, 1952, the worst smog event in the world happened in London: the continuous dense fog persisted for nearly a week, and a large amount of smoke and gas from factories and households accumulated at low altitude, and the whole city was shrouded in dense fog and plunged into gloom. During this period, more than 4,7 people died of respiratory diseases; More than 8, people died after the fog dispersed. This is the "fog disaster" that shocked the world.

In the early morning of December 3, 1952, the London Meteorological Observatory reported that a gas peak passed at night, and the temperature at noon could reach 5.6℃ and the relative humidity was about 7%. For the local people, this is a rare good day-a lovely winter day.

On this day, a wind blew from the North Sea all over England, blowing clouds of dense fog from chimneys in factories and urban households in central England to the outside of the cloud, so the air became very fresh and pleasant.

however, no one would have thought that disaster was coming quietly.

In the evening, London is on the southeast edge of a huge high-pressure cyclone, and the stronger north wind is blowing clockwise around this anticyclone. The next day, December 4th, the center of this cyclone has reached several hundred kilometers west of London and moved to the southeast along the usual path. The wind speed decreased in the morning, and clouds almost covered the whole sky. At noon, dark clouds covered all the sun, and the sky over London was overcast. The thermometer of the Meteorological Observatory read 3.3℃ and the relative humidity rose to 82%.

on December 5th, an abnormal situation appeared. The anemometer at the London Meteorological Observatory measured a very strange measurement-the wind speed reading was completely static. According to the estimation of experts at that time, the wind speed at this time did not exceed 3 kilometers per hour.

London is in a state of dead wind, and there is a lot of smoke and dust in the air, which will persist for a long time. The wind is too weak to take away all kinds of harmful smoke and dust discharged from factories and homes. As a result, a lot of soot fell from the air, and the beautiful Thames Valley was shrouded in smoke. A small apprentice working on a boat, the invasion of smoke made him burst into tears; Smoke entered the house through the door and got into the residents' homes in Greenwich District, causing people unbearable pain ... < P > Fog clouds suspended over the city for five days and gradually became dirtier and more toxic. The amount of smog in the air in central London has increased almost tenfold.

Smoke makes thousands of victims suffer from bronchitis, asthma and other diseases that affect the lungs. Finally, by the time the smog cleared on December 1, it was estimated that 4, people had died, most of whom were elderly people.

Today, the main cause of smog is the pollution of exhaust gas emitted by motor vehicles. In big cities like Los Angeles and Mexico City, smoke has been suspended in the air. Using unleaded gasoline and installing catalytic converter for locomotive exhaust will help reduce the risk of health damage caused by this pollution. However, this is still a serious problem to be solved.

VII: Mysterious Disasters in Bermuda

Among the mysterious incidents at sea in this century, the most famous and puzzling are a series of plane and ship disappearances in the Bermuda Triangle. It is said that since 1945, hundreds of planes and ships have mysteriously disappeared in this sea area. There are so many disappearances that the world can't believe that they are all accidental. The so-called Bermuda Triangle refers to a triangular sea area from Bermuda in the north, Puerto Rico in the south and Florida in the west, covering an area of about 1 million square kilometers. Because the disappearance of this piece of sea surface overlaps, the world calls it "the black hole of the earth" and "the devil's triangle". On October 21, 1971, a transport plane "Super Constellation" full of frozen beef flew over a probe ship working on the sea. The crew watched it fly for about a minute, and suddenly, the plane seemed to be sucked by the sea and fell headlong into the sea. After that, the crew didn't see anything, neither found oil stains, nor found bodies and plane wreckage. The only thing that can confirm the disappearance of the plane is the one floating on the sea.