The National Medal of Science award, also known as the Presidential Science Medal, is awarded by the President of the United States to American scientists who have made important contributions in the fields of behavioral and social sciences, biology, chemistry, engineering, mathematics and physics. The National Science Medal Committee under the National Science Foundation (NSF) is responsible for recommending medal candidates to the President, which is called the "Nobel Prize in America".

The National Science Medal was established on August 25th on the basis of U.S. Congress Decree 86-209, 1959. The Medal of Honor was originally awarded to scientists in the fields of "physics, biology, mathematics, science or engineering". President Kennedy established the National Science Medal Committee in 196 1 by executive order, which is managed by the National Science Foundation of the United States.

On February 1963, President Kennedy awarded the first National Science Medal to Theodore von Kármán of the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of California Institute of Technology in recognition of his contribution to rocket science. Although Congress Decree No.86-209 stipulates that 20 people can get the medal every year, in fact, about 12- 15 people get it every year. In other years, there were no awards,18660/88617.

In addition to this official background award, there are the following awards for a certain discipline or field:

Enrico Fermi Award is an international award awarded by the Department of Energy, an American government agency. Established in 1954. Before Fermi died, it became the first winner with a prize of $325,000. Fermi Prize is awarded once a year for outstanding people who have made great achievements in the field of nuclear physics. Candidates are voted by academicians of the National Academy of Sciences and officials of various scientific and technological societies. Fermi Award is not awarded to a single achievement, but to a candidate's lifelong achievement, and is regarded as a lifetime contribution award.

The Wright Brothers Medal was established by the Aviation Engineering Branch of the American Society of Automatic Engineers on 1924 to reward the authors of the best papers in the field of aviation engineering. 196 1 year, the society expanded the scope of the award and changed it to an annual award, including aerodynamics, structural theory, research, manufacturing and driving of aircraft or spacecraft.

Lasker Medical Research Award is the most prestigious biomedical award in the United States. The Albert Lasker Prize for Medical Research is the grand prize in the medical field, second only to the Nobel Prize. 1946. It was presented by Albert Lasker, a famous American advertising manager and philanthropist who is known as the "father of modern advertising", and his wife, Mary Wood Lasker, to honor scientists, doctors and public service personnel who have made outstanding contributions in the medical field.