1. Promote coordination and cooperation among countries, especially among big countries.
With the deepening of economic globalization, a unified global economic system is gradually taking shape. The economic interests between countries and regions are intertwined and the degree of interdependence is deepening day by day. At the same time, the competition in the world market is becoming increasingly fierce, and disputes and frictions come and go. However, the zero-sum win-win rule under the traditional economic system has been replaced by the non-zero-sum win-win rule in the environment of economic globalization, or both lose. Therefore, no country, no matter how powerful its economic strength is, can go its own way. Countries, especially big countries, objectively require mutual communication when dealing with mutual relations and international relations. Coordination and cooperation are becoming the main theme of big country relations.
In recent years, the improvement and development of Sino-US relations cannot be separated from the factors of economic globalization. China is the largest developing country and the United States is the largest developed country. After the end of the Cold War, the relationship between the two countries was in constant trouble and once faced a serious crisis. However, due to the strong economic complementarity between the two countries, China has a broad market and development potential, and the United States urgently needs a lot of capital and technology to explore foreign markets. Therefore, the economic and trade relations between China and the United States are still developing rapidly. The United States is the second largest trading partner of China, and China is the fourth largest trading partner of the United States. Direct exports to China have provided more than 300,000 jobs for the United States, and bilateral trade has provided at least1000,000 jobs for American industry and service industry. Economic mutual benefit has promoted the continuous development of contacts and dialogue between the two countries. The two sides put aside their differences, enhance understanding, strengthen coordination and expand cooperation. The two countries have established a constructive strategic partnership oriented to the 26 th century. The two heads of state exchanged frequent visits and set up a summit hotline to exchange views and opinions on global issues in a timely manner. Sino-US cooperation on global issues such as resources, energy, environmental protection and security has been further strengthened.
2. It has a double influence on North-South relations.
The essence of North-South relations is that developing countries get rid of the economic and political exploitation and control of developed countries and seek to establish a just and reasonable new international political and economic order. Economic globalization has had a dual impact on North-South relations. On the positive side, first of all, the long-standing tension in North-South relations has been alleviated to some extent. In the past, the one-way dependence of the south on the north has turned into interdependence and competition between the two sides, and the scale and closeness of economic exchanges between the north and the south have increased unprecedentedly. Both sides realize that only by maintaining the harmonious development between North and South can the world economy run healthily. Both sides have shown pragmatism and flexibility in dealing with North-South relations, giving up some excessive and unrealistic demands. Secondly, some developing countries have seized new development opportunities, shortened the economic gap with developed countries and improved the international status of the South. Strong demand for strengthening economic and scientific cooperation between countries in the South.
On the negative side, (1) has impacted the sovereignty of developing countries and facilitated the transfer of the crisis from developed countries to developing countries. Economic globalization is essentially a process of gradual development of borderless economy, which requires the state to reduce its intervention and even transfer some economic decision-making power to global coordination and arbitration institutions. Theoretically, the transfer of sovereignty is equal to both developed and developing countries and can be enjoyed. But in fact, developed countries often unilaterally attack the sovereignty of developing countries by virtue of their strong economic strength, advanced scientific and technological means and the convenience of formulating international rules, and then transfer the crisis to developing countries when the crisis occurs, which increases the probability of developing countries taking risks. The East Asian financial crisis was triggered by speculative capital in developed countries taking advantage of the loopholes in financial liberalization and deregulation in developing countries, which itself was the result of sovereignty transfer. The emergency aid loan provided by the International Monetary Fund, which is dominated by developed countries, is conditional on the developing countries surrendering their sovereignty and abandoning the Asian development model. Some Southeast Asian countries call this model "neo-colonialism". Therefore, the essence of North-South relations is still the struggle between control and anti-control, interference and anti-interference.
(2) North-South polarization and widening gap between the rich and the poor. Market economy is a strength economy, and the results are shared according to strength. Countries participating in economic globalization have great differences in income because of their different economic strength. Therefore, with the massive increase of social wealth, the concentration of wealth is getting higher and higher. According to the data of the annual meeting 1997 held by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund in Hong Kong in September, the per capita income of the seven most developed countries in the world is 19 times that of the seven poorest countries, and the gap has expanded to 38 times. At present, the per capita GNP of major developed countries has exceeded $20,000, while the annual per capita GNP of developing countries with a population of 654.38+300 million is less than $500. Every day, 654.38+billion people in the world are still hungry, and 654.38+0.5 billion people can't afford to go to school.
(3) Making South-South cooperation face challenges. In the 1970s and 1980s, under the leadership of the Group of 77 and the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, South-South cooperation made great achievements, which was once regarded as the fundamental way for southern countries to get rid of the economic control in the north and embark on the road of independent development. However, under the background of economic globalization, due to the limited economic strength and lack of complementarity of southern countries, the gap between developing countries is also widening, and the further development of South-South cooperation is limited. In this case, on the one hand, economic globalization provides objective conditions for cooperation between countries with complementary economies in the North and the South; On the other hand, developing countries strongly demand equal participation in the formulation of new "rules of the game" of the new international economic and financial order. This in turn requires strengthening South-South cooperation first.
3. Promote alliances among countries in the region.
Economic globalization has brought fierce competition in the world market. All countries, especially weak countries and small countries, want to improve their competitiveness, but often one country can't. Therefore, countries with geographical and cultural factors will strengthen their ability to compete for market share through regional national alliances and regional economic integration. In recent years, the number of regional economic integration organizations has been increasing, with only 9 in 1960s, 28 in 1970s, 32 in 1980s and 65,438+0,997 in 65,438+07. * * More than 65,438+0,500 countries and regions participated, and some also participated in many regional economic integration organizations.
Regional economic integration has further exerted a far-reaching influence on international relations:
The first is to promote North-South cooperation and South-South cooperation in the region. Regionalized economic organizations are based on the recognition of the sovereign equality of their member States. Developed countries should pay more attention to respecting the rights and interests of developing countries instead of giving them orders and doing whatever they want. Moreover, various economic integration organizations have different forms and norms of cooperation, which provide institutional guarantee for North-South cooperation and South-South cooperation and are conducive to promoting the development of southern countries.
The second is to maintain regional security and stability. In order to create a good environment for the economic development of the region or enhance the strength of regional groups, regional economic integration organizations often pay attention to strengthening cooperation in other aspects, thus maintaining regional security and stability. The Organization of American States (OAS) successfully settled the border dispute between Ecuador and Peru for more than 50 years in1June 65438+1October, 1998. The parliaments of the two countries expressed their unconditional acceptance of the solution to the disputed territory proposed by the guarantor countries, which is a successful example of peaceful settlement of disputes within the framework of regional integration. The Economic Community of West African States also successfully resolved Liberia's nine-year civil war.
Third, it is conducive to the development of multipolarization in the world. With the deepening of regional economic integration, it is inevitable to use the system to consolidate its achievements, which leads to the gradual development of regional economic integration to political integration. Regional political integration has greatly changed the balance of world political forces and promoted the process of world multipolarization. For example, the European Union, founded in 1967, has been expanding and developing in depth from the original six member States. The EU has expanded from 1995 to 15 countries, and the internal GDP of the EU reached 7.5 trillion US dollars, accounting for13 of the global GDP of 23 trillion US dollars in that year, surpassing the GDP of the United States of America for the first time. The EU has become the main force against the United States, which dominates the world. Politically,19911February, the summit of the same country adopted the Treaty on European Political Union and Economic and Trade Union (hereinafter referred to as "Mayo"), which took an important step towards the establishment of a comprehensive supranational integrated European Federation. The Treaty of Amsterdam, signed by EU 1997 15 countries, further promoted the process of political integration in the EU. 1 99965438+1October1EU 1 1 Member States have established an economic and monetary union and unified the use of the single European currency-the euro. This marks the initial transformation of a new Europe from an ideal to a reality, which will greatly enhance the economic and political strength of the EU, further impact the American economy and its world hegemony, and have an inestimable impact on world politics and international relations. Groups of developing countries such as Asia-ASEAN, Southern Common Market of Latin America and Common Market of Eastern and Southern Africa are also becoming important forces affecting economy and politics. The development of these forces will help to break the superpower's rule over the world and safeguard world peace and stability [7]. Looking forward to the future of the world, the development trend of economic globalization is unstoppable, which will have a far-reaching impact on international relations. Therefore, under the background of economic globalization, we should grasp the characteristics of current international relations, seek advantages and avoid disadvantages, seize opportunities, and promote the revitalization and development of our country.