1, the important feature of risk identification risk is its uncertainty and potential, which is not easy to be felt or understood by people. Therefore, the first thing to do in risk management is to identify risks, that is, to identify and distinguish risks according to certain scientific methods. These scientific methods usually include: questionnaire survey, financial statement analysis, organization of relevant data and documents review, self-inspection of equipment and facilities, and expert consultation inside and outside the enterprise. And one or more methods can be used at the same time. Time.

2. Risk assessment Risk assessment is to use various probability and mathematical statistics methods to calculate the frequency of risk occurrence and estimate its damage degree, including not only the direct damage degree, personnel and property consumed in preventing and responding to risks, but also indirect losses. Degree related to direct loss. Its purpose is to take different countermeasures according to the risks of different loss degrees.

3. Risk Control In order to control and reduce risks economically and effectively, different means or measures must be taken for different risks.

4. Risk Adjustment This is the result of checking and evaluating different risk control measures, so as to make appropriate adjustments to the original risk management system. This is an indispensable step in risk management. Through regular or irregular inspection and evaluation, the whole risk management system is continuously improved to obtain the best cost-effectiveness.

Risk management is mainly a strategic planning process for uncertainty. Considering the restriction and influence of risk factors, the management process is relatively complicated. Generally speaking, the whole management activity can be divided into the following processes.

(1) Define the scope and objectives. Clarify the state scope of the management object and the goals to be achieved by the management activities. Enterprise managers should start with the problems that may be encountered in the process of capital operation.

Establish the overall goal and stage goal of capital operation risk management. At the same time, it is necessary to analyze the target risk, then adjust the target structure according to the potential risk threat, and finally establish a perfect risk management target system.

(2) Analyze the causes of risks and identify the types of risks. At this stage, we should carefully study the internal and external environment of capital operation according to the objectives and requirements, find out the root causes of risks, and classify risks accordingly, so as to provide ideas for finding preventive measures. Risk.

(3) Judge the risk probability and risk intensity. Risk probability refers to the possibility of actual occurrence of risk, and risk intensity refers to the degree of influence of risk, that is, risk value. These two indicators can be calculated by some irregular quantitative methods. See the second section of this chapter for specific methods.

(4) Risk utility assessment. The work at this stage is mainly to determine the utility value of various capital operation entities to treat risks according to people's attitudes towards risks. After determining the risk-return utility value of the capital management subject through the risk-utility evaluation, the corresponding risk response measures can be formulated.

(5) Risk avoidance design. Risk avoidance design is the core of risk management. It is mainly composed of early warning, prevention, control and emergency subsystem. The main function of the early warning system is to monitor the possible risk factors, especially the key elements with high risk value, find abnormal signs in time and sensitively, and accurately predict risks. Risk early warning is generally achieved by setting a critical value. When the internal and external conditions of enterprise capital operation change within the critical value, it indicates that the business process is in a safe state. When the change exceeds the critical value, it means that the situation is abnormal and an alarm should be given in time. Enterprises should prepare certain emergency measures to deal with sudden risks and minimize the adverse effects of risks.

(6) Risk management effect evaluation. The effect of risk management is generally evaluated and judged by cost-benefit ratio method, that is, ratio = benefit/cost. Benefit is the actual effect obtained after reaching the risk management goal, which is usually expressed by economic benefit and social benefit; Expenses refer to the actual expenses of risk management activities, which are divided into monetary expenses and non-monetary expenses. The greater the ratio, the better the effect of risk management activities, and vice versa.

(7) Sum up experience and improve the level. After completing the whole risk management activities, business operators should summarize the previous stage of risk management operation, accumulate more experience and improve the ability and level of risk management in capital operation.