The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. According to 1994, the Basic Agreement on International Monetary drawn up by the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference held in Bretton Woods, USA, was established on February 27th, 1945, and started its work on March 27th, 1947, with its headquarters in Washington. There are 148 member countries (1984).
The purpose of the organization: to stabilize the international exchange rate, eliminate foreign exchange controls that hinder world trade, promote international cooperation on monetary issues, and solve the foreign exchange fund demand of the temporary deficit of the balance of payments of member countries by providing short-term loans.
The organization's funds mainly come from membership fees paid by member States. The main right of a member state is to enjoy the right to draw, that is, to borrow foreign exchange according to a certain proportion of its share. 1969, the organization created a monetary (accounting) unit, called "special drawing rights", which was distributed in proportion to the share of member countries as a supplement to international circulation means. Member countries' special drawing rights can be used as currency reserves and can also be used to buy foreign exchange from other member countries to solve their own balance of payments deficit. Member countries are obliged to provide economic information and accept the supervision of the organization in foreign exchange policy and management.
The highest authority of the International Monetary Fund is the Board of Governors, which consists of a chairman and a vice-chairman from each member country. The organization that handles daily business is the Executive Board, which consists of 22 executive directors, five of whom are appointed by the five largest countries (Britain, the United States, France, Germany and Japan). The managing director is elected by the executive board and is responsible for the business of the International Monetary Fund. China is one of the founding members of the International Monetary Fund. 1980 April 17, China's representation was restored. Since 1980, representatives of China have participated in the annual meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank.
the organization for economic cooperation and development
The English name of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, which is an international organization composed of 24 industrialized countries. It has two purposes: (1) to promote the economic growth, employment, financial policy stability and living standards of member countries through cooperation; (2) Promote the economic development and trade of all countries by helping them achieve the above goals.
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development was formally established in 1960, 12, 14, and its predecessor was the European Economic Cooperation Organization, which was established in April 1948. The main purpose of the latter is to coordinate the European economic recovery after World War II and manage the aid provided by the United States according to the Marshall Plan. The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development started its work on September 30th, 196 1, with its headquarters in Paris. In addition to 18 European member countries, the United States and Canada were originally founding members of the European Economic Cooperation Organization. Since the establishment of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, Australia, Finland, Japan and New Zealand have joined in succession, increasing the membership of the organization to 24. Yugoslavia is a special associated country of the Organization.
Headquartered in Paris, the organization includes the Council, the Executive Committee, the Secretariat and subsidiary bodies. The Council is the central organ of the organization, composed of representatives of member States and responsible for formulating general policies; The Executive Committee consists of representatives of 14 member States elected by the Council every year; The secretariat is responsible for handling daily affairs. Subsidiary bodies include more than 200 professional committees and working groups, which are responsible for deliberating specific issues related to economic policies and various economic and social fields such as industry, agriculture, trade, finance, energy, science and technology, education and environment. The organization also has a Development Assistance Committee, including 17 member countries and the European Economic Community Commission, which is responsible for coordinating the provision of official development assistance to developing countries. There are also some autonomous institutions within the organization, the most important of which are the International Energy Agency, the Nuclear Energy Agency, the Development Center and the Education Research and Reform Center.
The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has a wide range of functions and tasks, including collecting and publishing statistical data of relevant member countries, engaging in basic research and policy analysis, and implementing formal policies stipulated by the Council.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) is an intergovernmental international financial organization. It was established according to the agreement of the International Monetary Fund adopted at the International Monetary and Financial Conference of the United Nations and its allies held in Bretton Woods, New Hampshire in July, 1944. It was formally established on February 27th, 1945, and started its business on March 27th, 1947. In the same year165438+1October 15 became a specialized agency of the United Nations, but it has its own independence in operation. So far, the International Monetary Fund has 182 members.
The IMF has five regional departments (Africa, Asia, Europe, Middle East and Western Hemisphere) and 12 functional departments (Administration Department, Central Bank Department, Exchange and Trade Relations Department, External Relations Department, Financial Affairs Department, IMF Research Institute, Legal Affairs Department, Research Department, Secretariat Department, Treasurer Department, Statistics and Language Service Bureau). Its purpose is to consult and cooperate on international financial issues as a permanent institution and promote international monetary cooperation; Promote the expansion and balanced development of international trade; Promote and maintain high-level employment, development of productive resources and real income of member States; Promote the stability of international exchange, maintain orderly exchange rate arrangements among member countries, and prevent the devaluation of competitive currencies; Assist member countries to establish multilateral payment rules in current account transactions, remove obstacles that prevent member countries from providing ordinary funds temporarily, so that they can correct the imbalance of international payments, instead of taking measures that endanger their own or international prosperity, shorten the time and reduce the imbalance of international payments.
The main business activities of the International Monetary Fund include: providing loans to members, promoting international cooperation on monetary issues, studying related issues of the reform of the international monetary system, studying and expanding the role of the International Monetary Fund, providing technical assistance, and strengthening ties with other international institutions.
In short, in today's interdependent world, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development has become an international settlement center for a large number of activities that must be coordinated by governments.